View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (47)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
PSYC 305: FINAL EXAM
Main Effect |
Effect independent variable has on the dependent variable across all independent variables
|
Simple Main Effect |
Analysis examines mean differences at each level of IV |
Independent Groups Design |
Participants can be apart of either control or treatment group, not both
|
Interaction |
If there is an interaction between two IV, the effect of one IV depends on the particular level of other variable.
|
Factorial Designs |
Designs with more than one independent variable |
Manipulation Checks |
Attempt to measure whether IV has the intended effect
|
Straightforward Manipulation |
Written, verbal, visual instructions
|
One tailed Test |
Has a predicted direction |
Two tailed test |
Has no predicted direction
|
Type 1 Error |
Incorrect decision to reject the null hypothesis when it is true |
Type II Error |
Incorrect decision to accept the null hypothesis when it is false |
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) |
Statistical procedure used to test the degree in which two or more groups vary or differ |
Effect size |
Extent to which 2 variables are associated |
External Validity |
Degree where results can be generalized
|
Internal Validity |
Results of the experiment are because of IV, not confounding variables
|
Longitudinal Method |
Same group @ different times |
Sequential Method |
Uses both longitudinal, and cross sectional |
Cross sectional Method |
People of different ages measured @ same point |
F Test |
Difference among three or more groups to evaluate results of factorial design
|
T test |
Examine whether two groups are different |
Research hypothesis |
Variable under investigation are related to the population |
Null hypothesis |
Variable under investigation are not related to the population |
Descriptive Statistics |
Describe the sample (mean, std, correlation) |
Inferential Statistics |
Designed to determine whether results can be generalized to the population
|
Sampling Distribution |
Based on assumption that null hypothesis is true |
Interrupted Time Series Design |
Examines DV over extended period of time both before and after IV is implemented |
Non Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design |
Most effective Quasi experiment.
Participant-measure-treatment-measure
Participant-measure-no treatment-measure |
Non Equivalent Control Group |
Separate control group but participants in 2 conditions
|
Solomon Four Group Design |
Solomon Four Group Design |
Control Series Design |
Improves interrupted time series by finding control group |
Floor Effects |
Task too difficult that hardly anyone can perform ell
|
Ceiling Effects |
Tasks too easy that participants reach maximum performance
|
Sensitivity |
Important in measuring human performance |
Staged Manipulations |
Necessary to create some psychological state in the participant or stimulate a situation that occurs in real life |
Program Evaluation |
Research on programs that are implemented to achieve positive effect
|
Repeated Measure Design |
Same individuals participate in all conditions of the study |
Participant Variables |
Personal attribute such as gender, age, ethnic group |
Problems with one group pretest posttest design |
history
maturation
testing
instrument decay
regression toward the mean |
One group pretest posttest design |
used to obtain a comparison |
One group posttest only design |
lacks control group
lack internal validity |
Quasi Experimental Design |
used when control features of experiment cannot be achieved
No random assignment
IV cannot be manipulated |
Stages of Program Evaluation |
Needs Assessment
Program theory assessment
Process Evaluation
Outcome Evaluation
Efficiency Assessment |
Multiple Baseline Design |
Effectiveness of treatment is demonstrated when behavior change occurs after manipulation is introduced |
ABA design |
Behavior is observed during baseline-observed during treatment-observed after experimental treatment is removed
|
ABAB design |
Similar to ABA. Treatment is introduced a second time |
Mixed Factorial Design |
2 or more IV
At least one repeated measure
|
Demand Characteristics |
Any feature of an experiment that might inform a participant the purpose of the study |