PSYC 305: FINAL EXAM
47 Cards in this Set
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Main Effect
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Effect independent variable has on the dependent variable across all independent variables
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Simple Main Effect
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Analysis examines mean differences at each level of IV
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Independent Groups Design
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Participants can be apart of either control or treatment group, not both
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Interaction
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If there is an interaction between two IV, the effect of one IV depends on the particular level of other variable.
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Factorial Designs
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Designs with more than one independent variable
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Manipulation Checks
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Attempt to measure whether IV has the intended effect
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Straightforward Manipulation
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Written, verbal, visual instructions
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One tailed Test
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Has a predicted direction
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Two tailed test
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Has no predicted direction
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Type 1 Error
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Incorrect decision to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
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Type II Error
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Incorrect decision to accept the null hypothesis when it is false
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ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
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Statistical procedure used to test the degree in which two or more groups vary or differ
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Effect size
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Extent to which 2 variables are associated
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External Validity
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Degree where results can be generalized
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Internal Validity
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Results of the experiment are because of IV, not confounding variables
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Longitudinal Method
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Same group @ different times
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Sequential Method
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Uses both longitudinal, and cross sectional
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Cross sectional Method
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People of different ages measured @ same point
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F Test
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Difference among three or more groups to evaluate results of factorial design
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T test
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Examine whether two groups are different
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Research hypothesis
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Variable under investigation are related to the population
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Null hypothesis
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Variable under investigation are not related to the population
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Descriptive Statistics
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Describe the sample (mean, std, correlation)
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Inferential Statistics
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Designed to determine whether results can be generalized to the population
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Sampling Distribution
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Based on assumption that null hypothesis is true
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Interrupted Time Series Design
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Examines DV over extended period of time both before and after IV is implemented
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Non Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design
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Most effective Quasi experiment.
Participant-measure-treatment-measure
Participant-measure-no treatment-measure
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Non Equivalent Control Group
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Separate control group but participants in 2 conditions
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Solomon Four Group Design
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Solomon Four Group Design
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Control Series Design
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Improves interrupted time series by finding control group
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Floor Effects
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Task too difficult that hardly anyone can perform ell
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Ceiling Effects
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Tasks too easy that participants reach maximum performance
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Sensitivity
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Important in measuring human performance
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Staged Manipulations
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Necessary to create some psychological state in the participant or stimulate a situation that occurs in real life
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Program Evaluation
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Research on programs that are implemented to achieve positive effect
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Repeated Measure Design
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Same individuals participate in all conditions of the study
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Participant Variables
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Personal attribute such as gender, age, ethnic group
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Problems with one group pretest posttest design
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history
maturation
testing
instrument decay
regression toward the mean
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One group pretest posttest design
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used to obtain a comparison
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One group posttest only design
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lacks control group
lack internal validity
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Quasi Experimental Design
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used when control features of experiment cannot be achieved
No random assignment
IV cannot be manipulated
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Stages of Program Evaluation
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Needs Assessment
Program theory assessment
Process Evaluation
Outcome Evaluation
Efficiency Assessment
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Multiple Baseline Design
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Effectiveness of treatment is demonstrated when behavior change occurs after manipulation is introduced
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ABA design
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Behavior is observed during baseline-observed during treatment-observed after experimental treatment is removed
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ABAB design
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Similar to ABA. Treatment is introduced a second time
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Mixed Factorial Design
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2 or more IV
At least one repeated measure
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Demand Characteristics
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Any feature of an experiment that might inform a participant the purpose of the study
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PSYC 305: EXAM 2