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POLS 206: EXAM 2
The process of making binding social choices |
Politics |
argued that much of the organization of the United States Congress can be explained as the result of re-election seeking behavior by its members
|
Mayhew |
a series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution |
Federalist Papers |
The Supreme votes in accordance with “the law” or Stare Decisis |
Legal Model |
The Supreme Court votes on the basis of personal preference |
Attitudinal Model |
order given to send a case up to the higher court (Supreme Court – “Rule of Four”) |
Certiorari |
1954 ruling that segregation in public schools violates the 14th Amendment. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. |
Brown v. Board of Education |
the legal principle under which judges are obligated to follow the precedents established in prior decisions |
Stare Decisis |
decisions affecting more than one person (Congress cuts Federal income tax) (NOT crown gives standing ovation) |
Social Choices |
nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" (majority vote) of the Senate |
Confirming Supreme Court Justices |
power of the Supreme Court to declare legislation unconstitutional |
Judicial Review |
Geography: All else equal, firms should converge to the center of their market. In marketing, firms converge on the median preference |
Spatial Models |
spoken presentations to a judge or appellate court by a lawyer (or parties when representing themselves) of the legal reasons why they should prevail |
Oral Arguments |
a form of redistribution in which electoral district or constituency boundaries are deliberately modified for electoral advantage
|
Gerrymandering |
is divided into sections, with each part sent to the most relevant committee |
Split Referral |
the process of sending legislation to be considered by more than one committee |
Multiple Referral |
problems encountered when a goal is pursued by more than one person |
Collective Action Problems |
brings a bill directly to the floor without committee approval when signed by a majority of the House members |
Discharge Petition |
political doctrine under which the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government are kept distinct, to prevent abuse of power
|
Separation of Powers |
a permanent legislative committee specializing in a particular legislative area. Stable membership and stable jurisdictions. |
Standing Committees |
addresses the question of how to guard against "factions," groups of citizens with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community |
Federalist 10 |
addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government |
Federalist 51 |
a tactic used in the Senate to halt action on a bill |
Filibuster |
“invoking cloture” ends a filibuster. Currently requires a Senate majority vote. |
Cloture |
The President refuses to sign a bill into law, and returns it to Congress with his recommendations
|
Veto |
a vetoed bill can be passed into law with a two thirds vote in the House and Senate |
Veto Override |