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BIOL 301: Final
evolution
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A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is ________.
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global warming
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Greenhouse gases are compounds in the atmosphere that absorb infrared heat energy emitted by Earth and then emit some of that energy back toward Earth. High amounts of these gases can increase Earth's average temperatures in a process known as _______ _______.
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density viscosity
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When it comes to properties of water, oil droplets and swim bladders are adaptations to _____ while filamentous appendages and streamlined bodies are adaptations to ______.
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semipermeable
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Membranes that allow only particular molecules to pass through which thereby reduces the free movement of solutes are called __________ membranes.
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commensalism
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Which of the behavioral interactions is beneficial to one species with no effect on the second species?
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212
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What is the mean of these data: 100, 186, 190, 218, 250, 328?
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aestivation
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A bee rests in a cool, shady place during the hot and dry summer days but becomes increasingly active as temperatures decrease. This is an example of what type of dormancy?
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phenotypic plasticity
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The ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes is called _______ ______. Organisms with these genotypes tend to have fairly high fitness in multiple environments.
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risk-sensitive
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Creek chub (a kind of rather small fish) eat tubifex worms and are eaten by much larger fish themselves. If there are few tubifex worms in an area with the larger fish predators, the creek chub will avoid the area with predators, however, if the concentration of tubifex worms is high enough, the creek chub will venture into the area with the predators. This foraging behavior is known as _______________ foraging.
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solar equator
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The latitude that receives the most direct rays of the Sun is known as the _____ ______ and its temporal variation creates seasons.
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streams rivers
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________ are narrow channels of fast-flowing fresh water while wide channels of slow-flowing fresh water are called _______.
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temperate seasonal forest
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South Carolina is located in which biome?
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directional
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Due to a drought in the 1970s, many finches in the Galapagos died. Average beak depth across the population increased an entire millimeter over a period of two years. The movement of the average beak depth from one extreme to another (not favoring an intermediate value nor favoring two extreme values) is called ______ selection.
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clumped
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You are looking for salamanders and notice that you don't really see any out in the open but are able to find several together when you look underneath wet, somewhat decomposing logs. This pattern of dispersal is referred to as ______ dispersal.
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monogamy
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When it comes to sexual reproduction, _______ is the mating system that occurs when a social bond forms between one male and one female. This mating system is most beneficial when males provide significant parental care to offspring.
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allopatric sympatric
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_______ speciation is the most common form of speciation that requires geographic isolation and is facilitated by genetic drift while ______ speciation occurs without geographic isolation.
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cooperation spitefulness
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The social interaction that has positive fitness effects for both the donor and the recipient is called ______ while the social interaction that has negative fitness effects for both the donor and the recipient is called ___________ and is typically never seen in nature.
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rescue effect
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A population of mice in a low-quality habitat is in danger of becoming extinct but persists because of immigration from high-quality habitats. This is an example of the ________ ________.
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invasive
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A species has been transplanted to a region of the world where historically it did not exist. It spreads rapidly and harms native species. This species is known as an ___________ species.
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red queen hypothesis
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The _____ _______ _________ states that sexual selection allows organisms to increase survival by keeping up with the evolution of parasites.
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vertical horizontal
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Parasites may be transmitted from parent to offspring by ________ transmission or between unrelated individuals by ___________ transmission
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Lotka-Volterra
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_____________ is a model used to show predator-prey interactions that incorporates oscillations in both predator and prey populations and shows predator numbers lagging behind those of their prey.
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negative feedback
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Your body temperature should typically be at 37 degrees Celsius. When you are too cold, your hypothalamus triggers increased metabolism or shivering and your body temperature will rise. When you are too hot, your hypothalamus triggers sweating or panting and your body temperature will fall. The action of internal response mechanisms that restores a system to a desired state or set point when the system deviates from the state, like your hypothalamus when your body temperature is off, is called ________ _________.
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convergent evolution
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A phenomenon in which two species descended from unrelated ancestors look similar because they have evolved under similar selective forces is ______ ________.
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parent material
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The bedrock underneath the soil is known as the ______ _______.
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ecological stoichiometry
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Every organism requires different nutrients based on their biology. The study of the balance of nutrients in ecological interactions, such as between an herbivore and a plant, is called _________ _________.
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yes
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We are 10 minutes into a zombie apocalypse in the tiny town of Raccoon City. There are currently 10 infected individuals and 100 uninfected citizens. The probability an uninfected citizen will be grabbed by a zombie and become one themselves is currently 2%. The Umbrella Corporation has developed a post-infection treatment that gives individuals a 50% chance of recovery once being infected. Will this infection spread?
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obligate
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Organisms in a mutualistic relationship where they cannot live without each other are known as ________ mutualists.
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