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PUBH 102: Exam 1
endemic
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the constant presence of disease or infectious agent within geographic area
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epidemic
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the occurrence of a disease in excess of normal expectancy
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pandemic
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an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area, such as a continent
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rate
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a measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation to a unit of population, along with some specification of time
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incidence rate
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the number of NEW health-related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk in a given time period
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prevalence rate
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calculated by dividing ALL current (existing) cases of a disease (old and new) by the total population
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mortality rates
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also know as mortality or fatality rates, often expressed as the number of deaths per 100,000
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adjusted rate
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a rate that is for total population but is statistically adjusted for a certain characteristic such as age ("age adjusted rate")
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specific rate
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rate for a particular population subgroup such as for a specific disease (disease-specific) or for a particular age of people (age-specific) ex: "African American colon cancer rate"
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crude rates
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those in which the denominator includes the total population
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risk
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probability (chance) an event will happen
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risk factors/conditions
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exposure that is statistically related in some way to an outcome
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acute
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signs and symptoms of short duration; usually sever and impair normal functioning
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chronic
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persists over time (more than 3 months)
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primary prevention
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action taken to avert occurrence of disease
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secondary prevention
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action taken to identify diseases at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity
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tertiary prevention
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specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled persons in limiting the effects of their diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent recurrence of a disease
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physical health
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absence of disease and disability; functioning adequately; physical condition of the body
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emotional health
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ability to feel and express full range of human emotions; express/control appropriately
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social health
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ability to interact/communicate effectively; connect with others; demonstrate respect/tolerance; sense of belonging
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mental (intellectual) health
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ability to make sound decisions and think critically; striving for continued person growth/learn new information
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spiritual health
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unifying force within individuals; meaning in life; common bond between individuals; individual perceptions of faith
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environmental health
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awareness of the environment's importance to health, as well as human influence on the environment
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