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Exam 1: ENTO 322
11/19 |
Hexapoda collection due date |
10/8 |
poem due date |
11/2 |
crossword puzzle due date |
10/17 |
group virtual collecting jar due date |
insecare |
Latin word insectum is based on this, meaning to cut, referring to the segmented bodies of insects. |
entomon |
Entomology is based on the Greek ________ which designated the creatures we call insects. |
hexapod |
Greek for six footed creatures. |
predators |
eat other animals |
parasites |
live at the expense of others; flea, ticks |
scavengers |
lives on the waste products of other animals; dung beetles eat the manure of other animals and as food for other animals |
insects are successful |
skeleton, flight, reproduction, size, and metamorphosis |
hypothesis |
Educated guess based on observations, but cannot be proven, only disproven (rejected) |
theory |
Summary of several hypotheses which have been repeatedly tested, but can be accepted or rejected based on new evidence. |
law |
Body of observations and evidence, with no exceptions noted. |
al-Hytham |
First man to use (deductive and inductive) reasoning and logic |
galileo |
Brought in the concept of forming experiments |
kepler |
Invented the hypothesis |
Linnaeus |
published Systema Naturae. This work used a binomial system which has been universally adopted. |
eubacteria |
Domain. single cell, cell membrane, and simple DNA [exons] |
Archaebacteria |
Domain. single cell, cell membrane, and complex DNA ([exons and introns] |
Eukaryota |
Domain. single cell, cell membrane, complex DNA ([exons and introns] and nucleus |
Anamalia |
Kingdom. Animals-cell membrane |
Plantae |
Kingdom. Plants-cell walls and chlorophyll |
Protista |
Kingdom. Protozoa-many are disease agents |
Fungi |
Kingdom. Fungus-cell walls with multi-nuclei |
Arthropoda |
Phylum. Segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, bilaterally symmetrical, dorsal heart, ventral nerve cord, sexual reproduction |
Chelicerata |
Subphylum. spiders/ticks/mites |
Crustacea |
Subphylum. isopods/shrimp |
Atelocerata |
Subphylum. insects/millipedes/centipedes |
Chilopoda |
Class. Centipedes |
Diplopoda |
Class. Millipedes |
Malacostraca |
Class. Shrimp/Crabs |
Arachnida |
Class. Spiders/scorpions/ticks/mites |
Hexapoda |
Class. Insects |
Isopoda |
Order of Malacostraca. pill bugs/roly-polies |
Decapoda |
Order of Malacostraca. lobsters/shrimp/crabs/crayfish |
Apterygota |
wingless |
Pterygota |
Winged. Head, thorax, and abdomen |
Collembola |
Order. Springtails |
Thysanura |
Order. Silverfish, bristletails, and Firebrats |
Ephemeroptera |
Order. mayflies |
Odonata |
Order. Dragon flies and damsel flies |
Orthoptera |
Order. Crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids |
Blattodea |
Order. Cockroaches and Roaches |
Isoptera |
Order. Termites called white ants |
Phasmatodea |
Order. Walking sticks and Leaf Insects |
Mantodea |
Order. Praying Mantis or mantids |
Embiidina |
Order. web-spinners |
Plecoptera |
Order. stoneflies |
Dermaptera |
Order. Earwigs |
Aerial net |
when you move the net to catch something, the air moves through it. Meant for speed. |
sweep net |
made out of heavy canvas. Designed to hit shrubbery and trap the insect inside. |
aquatic dnet |
Made out of canvas. Designed for sweeping over light weeds or for use in shallow ponds or streams. |
beating sheets |
Put it under the shrub and beat it and you can see insects on it |
light traps |
There are many kinds of this. Some kill the insect because of electricution (you can cut it so that it doesnt kill them). |
killing jars |
a container filled with Acetone (nail polish remover). Put your collected bugs in it to kill them |
spreaders |
piece of balsa wood in a frame and moveable so you can move the sides in and out. Idea is that you can have the butterfly in it and be able to spread it's wings for display |
aspirator |
sucks the insects inside, so you can put them in a container. Used primarily for small insects |
drags |
piece of felt that represents fur on an animal. Good for getting ticks,fleas, chiggers, etc. |
tamu insect museum |
One of the largest insect collections in the US. Available to amateur and professional entomologists. Tours are directed by Ed riley |
type specimens |
Insect specimens are shipped al over the world to entomologists that would like to study them |
holotype |
the actual specimens used to name the new species |
paratype |
Insect used to compare the new species |
Vulnerable |
likely to become extinct |
rare |
Small work population |
Indeterminate |
not enough information |
bald eagles and pelicans |
Animals removed from the Endangered species list |
head thorax and abdomen |
3 major body regions on insects |
head |
Made up on 3-7 segments. Antenna, eyes, mouth |
prothorax |
legs located on this part of thorax |
Mesothorax |
legs and wings located on this part of thorax |
Metathorax |
2nd pair of legs and wings located on this part of thorax |
Saltatorial |
legs that help an insect jump higher/farther. EX) grasshoppers |
Cursorial |
legs that help running (cockroackes) |
Raptorial |
Legs that help grasping (praying mantis) |
wings |
make them unique, gives flight |
spiracles |
Holes on the side of an insect. The air moves into and out of the insect and are used for respiration. They have valves on them to let them open and close. |
abdomen |
11 segments. Primarily dealing with reproduction. Legs to the end of the body. Spiracles. Valves. |
valves |
structures on the tip of back of abdomen-works for reproduction |
ovipositor |
FEMALES; sharp, can open bark on a tree to lay eggs there to keep them moist. |
Adiageous |
MALES; used to deposit sperm and interact with the female |
styles |
Pegs behind legs. Equivalent to antennas for sensory (cockroaches). |
cerci |
male earwigs have this. Comes off the back of them and holds the female in place for mating process |
exoskeleton |
a cover or supporting structures on the outside of the insect body and in the foregut and hindgut |
digestive system |
Break food down into sugars, fats, proteins. Gut is a tube that runs from the mouth through the abdomen and anus and waste products flow out and is divided into 3 parts: foregut, midgut, and hindgut |
Stomodaeum |
Foregut. Mouth to cardiac valve in digestive system |
Mesenteron |
Midgut. Used for digestion. Cardiac Valve to Pytoric valve |
Proctodaeum |
Hindgut. Pytoric valve to anus. Lining is coated with exoskeleton. Excretion of waste |
circulatory system |
Dorsal heart, Open/splash system-really very simple compared to heart of humans. Heart is on dorsal surface (ours is on our ventral) |
Ostium |
openings in the heart |
hemolymph |
blood of insects |
respiratory system |
Series of tubes starting on the outside of the body-Spiricles found on thorax and abdomen. Inside the spiracles are little tubes that form the trachea |
reproductive system |
Produces germ cells (sperm and egg). This is a series of tubes that ejects the egg and sperm. This is sex specific. Located in the abdomen of the insect |
accessory glands |
add a coating (like glue) to hold the egg or sperm until it's completed |
Spermatheca |
stores the sperm and egg |
Ametabolous |
no metamorphosis. no wings (simple) |
gradually |
Eventually gets wings. Paurometabolous and Holometabolous |
Paurometabolous |
terrestrial nymph. gradual metamorphosis |
Hemimetabolous |
aquatic naiad. gradual metamorphosis |
Neurosecretory cells |
Release neurohormones and small peptides (building blocks of proteins) into blood stream from: |
Prothoracic gland |
Releases ecdysteroid from the head and prothorax |
Ecdysone |
molting protein |
Corpora Allata |
Releases juvenile hormone (JH) from the neck region |
JH |
immature hormone. keeps us young |
ovaries/testes |
Release ecdysial-steroids from the abdomen. Hormones are used as triggers to start a series of irreversible events |
hormones secreted by the brain |
Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and Allatropin |
Ecdysone |
PTTH stimulates prothoracic glands to make |
JH |
Allatotropin stimulates the Corpora Allata to make |
chitin synthesis |
Stop insect from producing chitin (what makes up exoskeleton)-wont build a strong exoskeleton (no crunch when stepped on |
ecdysis |
exuvia is left behind |
Caudal filaments |
On silverfish, 3 of these at the tip of the abdomen. Works for sensory |
Aedeagua |
a reproductive organ of male insects through which they secrete sperm from the testes during copulation with a female insect. |
chorion |
the outer shell of the insect egg, which lies outside the vitteline envelope and is developed by the follicle cells while the egg is in the ovary |
Embryogenesis |
the process by which a larva or a juvenile is built from a single egg. |
endoskeleton |
an internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue. |
exuvia |
the remains of an exoskeleton and related structures that are left after molting |
furcula |
tail-like appendage shaped like a fork, found ventrally on the fourth abdominal segment of springtails. |
gamete |
a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually |
instar |
The form in between molts |
stadium |
time period it takes in between molts |
larva |
A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. |
molting |
shedding of the exoskeleton (wings of simple metamorphosis insects do have exoskeleton too) |
Ovariole |
one of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed |
Oviposition |
To lay eggs, especially by means of an ovipositor. |
Proboscis |
an elongated appendage from the head of an animal. Ex) moths, butterflies, worms |
pupa |
The nonfeeding stage between the larva and adult in the metamorphosis of holometabolous insects |
Tympanum |
A drumlike vibrating structure in the body wall functioning as a hearing organ (grasshoppers) |
ed riley |
Who is the curator for the tamu insect museum? |