UGC 111: Final Exam

all territories within France controlled directly by the king

the period 1378-1417 marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom

an outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace

a trade network of allied ports along the north Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256

in language studies, referring to the family of languages descended from that spoken by inhabitants of the region of the Altai Mountains in central Asia. Examples include the Turkish languages, Mongolian, and Manchu

a very small blade made of flaked stone and used as a tool, especially in Mesolithic era

a branch of Christianity centered in Egypt that emphasizes the sole divine nature of jesus, in contrast to Catholic western and Orthodox eastern Christianities, in which the combined divine and human nature of jesus is proclaimed

term used in this chapter to denote muslims in Swahili society claiming middle Eastern descent and, by virtue of profiting from long-distance trade with the countries around the Indian Ocean, either ascended to the throne of their cities as kings or governed their cities in councils, together with other patricians