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UGC 211: Chapter 3
How does a documentary "speaks about something"?
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It speaks through its composition of shots, its editing together of images, and its use of music, among other things.(both sounds and images)
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If documentaries are a representation of the world, the voice of commentary makes us aware of what?
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Someone is speaking to us from his or her perspective about the world we hold in common with that person
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How does documentaries seek to persuade and convince us?
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by their strength of their point of view and the power of their voice
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Voice attests to how the filmmaker engages with?
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the historical world
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Forms of Documentary Voice
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Direct Address(embodied and disembodied) Indirect Address(embodied and Disembodied)
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Direct Address to what?
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the camera and audiences
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Indirect Address to what?
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not aimed to audiences directly
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Direct Address: Embodied?
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Voice of Authority(Richard Moore)/Interview (Alive Days Memories)
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Direct Addresses:Disembodied
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Voice of God/Titles and subtitles
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Indirect Address: embodied
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Social Actors/observation(grey garden;titicut follies)
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Indirect Address: disembodies
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film techniques/film form
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Nicholls refers to what classic rhetorical thinking?
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Cicero and Aristotle
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Cicero. The parts of rhetoric that carry over to documentary are?
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Invention arrangement style memory and delivery
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Invention refers to what?
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the discovery of proofs in support of a position or argument
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Inartistic proofs
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facts
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artistic proofs
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ideas and beliefs an audience might already hold
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Aristotle divided artistic proof into 3 types:
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-Credible or ethical-ethos
-Compelling or emotional-pathos
-Convincing or demonstrative-logos
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Ethos
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Credible or ethical-moral character
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Pathos
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Compelling or emotional-appealing to an audience' emotion
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logos
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convincing or demonstrative-using real or apparent reasoning, proving the case
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1970s
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development of fewer experts and more personal accounts of proof. coupling of personal and social
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What's arrangement?
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organizing the parts to maximize the effect
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What are the components of Arrangement?
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-an opening
-a clarification
-a concrete argument
-a refutation
-a summation
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An opening?
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catches the audience's attention
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A clarification?
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for what is already agreed as factual and what remains in dispute, or an elaboration of the issue itself
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A concrete argument?
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in support of one's case from a particular viewpoint
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A refutation
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rebuts anticipated objections or opposing arguments
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A summation
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stirs the audience and predisposes to a particular course of action
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Since 1990s
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documentaries have stressed the complexity and ambiguity of various situations or issues.
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Capturing the Friedman
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convey a vivid sense of what it feels like to be immersed in a situation of fundamental uncertainty
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power of documentaries couple?
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evidence and emotion
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Style?
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facilitates the documentary voice by choice of camera angle composition and editing
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Memory
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retrospection
Delivery
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Delivery
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eloquence and decorum
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