CHEM 102: FINAL EXAM
43 Cards in this Set
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Colligative Properties
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-lower vapor pressure
-higher boiling point
-lower freezing point
-higher osmotic pressure
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molality
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mol solute/mass solvent
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weight percent
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mass solute/total mass solution
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ppm
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mg solute/kg solvent
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boiling point elevation (deltaT(bp)=?)
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K(bp) x m(solute)
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rate of reaction=
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k[A]^m[B]^y
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half life (t=...)
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ln2/k
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Arrhenius equation
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...
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equilibrium constant (Keq)
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the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium
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ICE table
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initial, change, and equilibrium. used to calculate equilibrium concentrations from initial concentrations
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Q = K
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equilibrium
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Q > K
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shifts left
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Q < K
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shifts right
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every reaction between a Brønsted acid and Brønsted base...
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involves two conjugate acid-base pairs
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K(w)
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auto ionization content for water (1 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees Cel)
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entropy
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thermodynamic quantity that measures the degree of disorder in a system; the higher the entropy, the more the disorder
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Law of Thermodynamics-2nd Law
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Energy can be transformed or transfered
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Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
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pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
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Formula for Gibb's Free Energy
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ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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anode
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in a galvanic cell is the electrode at which oxidation occurs
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cathode
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where reduction takes place
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Nernst Equation
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Calculates the exact value of the equilibrium potential for each ion in mV.
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Free energy does what as a system approaches equilibrium?
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decreases to a minimum
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free energy of mixture of the reactants and products at equil is always _______ than that of pure
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lower
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when deltaG < 0 the reaction is proceeding _____ toward equal and...
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spontaneously
Q < K
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When deltaG = 0
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Q = K
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cell notation
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...
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band of stability
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...
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how to calculate the binding energy with einstine's equation
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B.E. = Δmc2
change in mass = mass defect
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LeChatelier's Principle
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If a stress (change of conditions) is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that reduces the stress, to move toward a new state of equilibrium
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Osmotic Pressure Equation
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π =MRT
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decrease in temp will cause a ______ shift
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right
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decrease in volume will cause a _____ shift
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right
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anything with a lower Enot value can reduce something with a higher Enot
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true
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| =
|| =
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-electrode surface
-salt bridge
*anode on left
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electrons flow to the
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cathode
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K is always a function of the...
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temperature
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the reverse reaction has an equilibrium constant of...
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1/K(orig)
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hydroxide ion concentration
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[H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14
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acid strength is proportional to...
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the magnitude of Ka
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Ka x Kb =
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Kw
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strongest acid has the ______ conjugate base
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weakest
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ways in which entropy can increase?
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temperature rising
decreased pressure
solution is greater than pure substance
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Final Study Guide