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BIOL 320: EXAM 3
GI Tract Function |
digest and absorb food |
GI Tract Organs |
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
Accessory organs |
teeth, tongue, gall bladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas |
Ingestion |
putting food into mouth |
propulsion |
Accomplished by the muscular layers of the GI tract, movement through GI tract
|
Mechanical digestion |
breaking food apart physically |
Chemical Digestion |
chemical breakdown of food by enzymes and acid (takes place everywhere but large intestine) |
Absorption |
movement of nutrients from GI tract to blood or lymph
|
Defecation |
elimination of indigestible waste |
Intrinsic control |
regulation of digestion by the local enteric nerve plexi |
extrinsic control |
regulation of digestion by the CNS; works through local enteric nerve plexi |
Local enteric nerve plexi |
affects smooth muscle of organ wall or gland, either stimulates or inhibits digestion |
Visceral peritoneum |
Covers GI tract organs |
Parietal peritoneum |
lines the body wall of the abdominopelvic cavity |
Peritoneal cavity |
located between and filled with serous fluid
|
Mesentery |
double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to the organs; stores fat; holds organs in place; allows blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to reach the organs |
Retroperitoneal organs |
found outside the parietal peritoneum against dorsal body wall (lose mesentery during development) |
Layers of GI tract |
amina propria, epithelium, muscularis mucosae
|
submucosa |
dense connective tissue layer, contains blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles and glands. Innervates submucosal nerve plexi |
Muscularis externa |
typically smooth muscle (some skeletal in esophagus); 2 layers
|
Longitudinal layer of muscularis externa |
peristalsis: propulsion |
Circular layer of muscularis externa |
segmentation: mixing |
Serosa |
protective outer layer of intraperitoneal organs(visceral peritoneum) |
Extrinsic salivary glands |
parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands |
Intrinsic salivary glands |
Buccal glands in mucosa (keep the mouth moist) |
Saliva components |
H2O, salivary amylase, defensins, lysozymes, electrolytes, metabolic waste
|
xerostomia |
dry mouth |
Deglutition |
swallowing |
Buccal phase |
bolus is forced into the oropharynx voluntarily |
Pharyngeal-esophageal phase |
air passage is closed off, involuntarily controlled by medulla and pons
|
Regions of the stomach |
Cardiac, fundus and body, pyloric |