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POLS 1101: Exam 2
third party influencers
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bloggers and podcasters
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trial balloon
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When over long periods of time, politicians and journalists get to know each other, a politician goes to a journalist with information that gets released anonymously to see how the public reacts
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pack journalism
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A group of reporters following around the president, all of them hearing the same thing so that all news reports will be very similar
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leak
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The release of secret, often unfavorable, news about a politician or policy to the media by a member of a politician’s staff
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carrying capacity
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The amount of information a particular technology can economically provide without it being too expensive
low CC: television
high CC: internet
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ideology
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a consistent (logical sense) and integrated (everything works together) system of ideas, values and beliefs
ex:
democratic, republican, independent
liberal and conservative
BELL CURVE : most americans identify as moderate in the middle of the bell curve
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political socialization
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The learning of political beliefs, values, and opinions
Family>Community>Religion
Determinants: ideology, gender, race, ethnicity, income, religion, education
Gender gap
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Halo effect
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When respondents lie during a telephone survey and give socially acceptable answers that might be contrary to their personal opinion. Giving socially acceptable answers.
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gender gap
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The increasing likelihood of women identifying with and voting democratic is know as
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third party absorption
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3rd party candidates attract 2-3% of the vote. If that candidate doesn’t run in the election, those votes get folded back into the two main parties
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voter mobilization
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One primary function of parties is getting voters to the polls. This is known as
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First Past the Poll or Winner Take All
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What type of electoral system does the US have? (It contributes to the stability of a two party system)
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party affiliation
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The best predictor of how any given individual will vote is?
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Other news outlets
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who guards the guardian?
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selective perception
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When a individual remembers the stories that reinforce their existing beliefs and forget the ones that don’t
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Sensationalism/Negativism
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What term(s) describe when voters would rather hear about political scandals rather than something positive
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television malaise
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The feeling of distrust and cynicism by viewers generated by negative reports/reporters
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the beat system
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Print and broadcast media sources station reporters at locations that are likely to make the news which encourages daily reporting
assigning reporters to certain venues traditionally including the White House, Congress, Supreme court, State Department, and the Pentagon
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public opinion
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Those opinions held by private citizens which the government finds it prudent to keep
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horse race journalism
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When elections are essentially played out through media, the media tends to focus on polls (horse race), campaign issues, candidates, and their families
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agenda setting
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The power of the news media to define society’s problems to create political issues that requires the attention of politicians and government and setting forth alternative solutions to the perceived political problem
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the fairness doctrine
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Mandated that broadcasters provide equal time for opposing points of view
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survey research
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measures public opinion through polls and other surveys
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Americans low level of political knowledge
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3/4 can name governor of their state
2/3 know that the president can only serve two terms
1/2 know that each state has 2 US senators
1/4 can name their senators
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opinion instability
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the same respondent sometimes will give a contradictory answer to the same issue
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question wording effect
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the way in which a question is worded can introduce some sort of bias
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issue framing
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wording something in a way with examples that voters will agree
9/11 or Boston Marathon Bombing
giving historical context around the question it will tend to determine the response attitude
-- how both the mass media and political campaigns can affect people's expressed political opinions
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Patriot Act
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restricted freedom: US government gave US Department of Justice freedom to investigate and listen in on phone calls
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aggregate public opinion
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Stable, coherent, consistent
average trend lines
healthcare, defense spending, trust in the government
-- the sum of all individual opinions - is both stable and coherent
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aggregate partisanship
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the proportion of poll respondents labeling themselves Republicans or Democrats
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system consensus
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what everyone believes under the government, under democracy (equality, freedom, liberty)
agreed values and morals by the public
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media
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organizations that gather, package, and transmit the news through some proprietary communications technology
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history of news media
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Colonial Era
Golden Age of Newspapers
Radios
Television
The Internet
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The Colonial Era
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printed materials, some newspapers, circulars (pamphlets), gave political parties a platform, free advertising, editorials
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Golden Age of Newspapers
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newspaper editors were powerful individuals, cheap to print newspapers
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radios
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became ubiquitous in American life, it is passive, you don't have to read it, it is immediate, you don't have to wait
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television
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most American families had one, it became ubiquitous as well, from limited stations to more stations to cable TV - access became easier
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the Internet
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future fusion between internet and TV
immediate access to primary documents
changed how news was delivered but not the content of the news
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news reporting
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not going to represent or encompass the whole, represents what is occurring. politicians need this and this needs politicians
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libel and slander
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written and spoken false and malicious information that damages another persons reputation
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yellow journalism
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screaming headlines and sensational stories, printed in yellow ink
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infotainment
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"soft" news programming, contains less reporting, more engaging and entertaining
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prior restraint
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government seeks to prevent the publication and dissemination of written and recorded speech
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franking privilege
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gave 19th century members of congress free access to the postal system, and it is still embraced by their present day counterparts
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partisanship
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a person who shows a biased, emotional allegiance
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Bell Curve
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liberal left
conservative right
moderates middle
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caucuses
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members assembled with their allies to make party decisions
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What is the responsible party model of governance?
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What is the responsible party model of governance?
Platform document
Recruitment of candidates
Inform and educate public
After election implement policies
Hold officials accountable
Americans fail at 2,3,5
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the Progressive Era
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the decades just before and after the turn of the twentieth century, overlapping the end of the third party system and the beginning of the fourth
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New Deal Coalition
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brought together democrats of every conceivable background
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historical party cycles
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stable alignment
de-alignment
re-alignment
back up to stable
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stable alignment
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nothing is moving, stable equilibrium, cohesive platform
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de-alignment
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shift across party boundaries,
divided government (not SPLIT), split ticket voting
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re-alignment
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new deal coalition
republican coalition
civil rights
income gap - wealthier republicans, less wealthy democrats
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What has led to the somewhat decline of the political parties?
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Progressive Era brought political reforms which weakened the parties
Secret ballots - Australian ballot = all candidates listed
direct primaries
ban on social welfare activities
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political parties in GA
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radical republicans during reconstruction
period of one party politics - democratic primary, democratic dominance
period of two party politics - democratic edge to republican edge
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in-migration
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movements from outside of the south into the south esp. into GA. In an area dominated by Dem, people coming in as republicans equals political change
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value reinforcement
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The power or appeal of an object or experience such that it is sought after or repeated. The perceived benefit or pleasure of a reward. Addictive substances or behaviors
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salience
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the extent to which people feel that issues are relevant to them. serves as a major factor in determining intensity and latency. changes over time and if personal concerns of individuals become connected with national issues, salience rises sharply.
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life cycle/generational effect
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describes a mediated process of aging that changes political attitudes
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3 party system
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party in the government
party organization
party in the electorate
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platform doc
recruitment of candidates
inform and educate the public
hold officials accountable
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what is the responsible party model of governance?
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grew out of political alliances, most founders were wary of them
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how were political parties formed according to the constitution?
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secret ballot/Australian ballot
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all candidates listed on one ballot, polling done in private
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