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BIOL 112: EXAM 2
spirochete |
Syphilis is caused by a ___ |
spirochete |
corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells
|
angiosperms |
Which of the plants came last on the evolutionary timeline?
|
excavata |
members of this clade have a pellicle and eyespot |
fungal enzymes |
When a mycelium penetrates unexploited dead matter, what is most likely to appear short after? |
sporophyte dominated life cycle |
What is a major evolutionary trend in the timeline of plants? |
gamma proteobacteria |
Legionnaire's and Salmonella are caused by a ___ ___
|
pollen |
in addition to seeds, what is unique to seed-producing plants? |
C |
A particular species of protist has obtained a chloroplast via secondary endosymbiosis. You know this because the chloroplasts ___.
A. are small
B. have nuclear and cyanobacterial genes
C. have three or four membranes
D. have only a single pigment
|
lacks gametangia |
Which evidence would best support the assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?
|
gametangia |
A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant |
d |
Organisms in the domains Archaea and Eukarya have all of the following in common except:
A. both lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
B. both have more than one RNA polymerase
C. both have introns found within the initial mRNA transcript
D. both have at least one circular chromosome
E. both have all of the above in common
|
d (stem vascular tissue spread all around) |
All of the following are characteristics of monocots except:
A. parallel leaf venation
B. a single cotyledon
C. fibrous root system
D. stem vascular tissue arranged in a ring
E. all are true of monocots |
no |
are chloroplasts in gametophytes? |
haustoria |
specialized hyphae that allow fungi to penetrate the tissues of their host
|
plasmodesmata |
An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells |
gap junctions |
Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions |
septa |
Dividing walls of a fungus cell |
yes |
did plants colonize land with fungi? |
sporopollenin |
a layer of durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out |
cyanobacteria green algae land plants |
In what sequence were chloroplasts of land plants derived evolutionarily?
|
green algae |
closest living relative to land plants |
mycorrhizae |
Ecological relationship between the mycelium of a fungus and the roots of certain plants
|
arbuscles |
site of exchange between plants and fungus |
cytoplasmic streaming |
how do mycelia move? |
carpel |
The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. |
transduction |
(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
|
conjugation |
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined. |
transformation |
(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
|
binary fission |
A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
|
F Factor |
A fertility factor in bacteria; a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. It may exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome. |
stramenopiles |
secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga probably led to the later evolution of ___
|
endospore |
A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions. |
small cell provided ATP |
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger cell to keep the smaller it engulfed alive, rather than digesting it? |
chytridiomycota |
Form spores with flagella, are killing frogs
|
heterospory |
Which is an evolutionary advancement, heterospory or homospory?
|
no (they are the product of pollination) |
can seeds be pollinated and fertilized?
|
more surface area |
the adaptive advantage for filamentous mycelia in fungus is? |
eukaryotic |
all protists are? |