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HIST 2112: Test 2
Harlem Renaissance
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A flowering of literature (and to a lesser extent other arts) centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City during the 1920s and 1930s, has long been considered by many to be the high point in African American writing. African-American artists, poets, and writers who expressed their pride in being black. It probably had its foundation in the works of W.E. B. Du Bois, influential editor of The Crisis from 1910 to 1934; DuBois believed that an educated Black elite should lead Blacks to liberation.
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Nicola Sacco was a shoe-factory worker and Bartholomew Vanzetti was a fish peddler. They were both convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard in 1921. They were supported by Liberals and Radicals. The case lasted 6 years and resulted in execution based on weak evidence. Mainly because Americans were xenophobic (afraid of foreigners).
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Scopes Trial
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1925-Tennessee
John Scopes put on trial for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in public schools. Clarence Darrow defended Scopes, and William Jennings Bryan was for the prosecution. The Tennessee court upheld the law and punished Scopes with $100 fine.
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KKK
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protected southern way of life from African Americans
this idea of insubordinate grows to Jews, Catholics, other foreigners, etc.
Their fear was anyone who imposed immoral, traditional American ways- such as drinkers, people who engaged in promiscuity, etc
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Christine Frederick
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Promoted consumerism in her book Mrs. Consumer. She recommended that homemakers learn brand name sand leave the rest to food manufacturers.
~~Talked about in Kitchen Literacy by Ann Veleisis
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Henry Ford
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Created the assembly line and Model T car. He made cars more efficient to produce and affordable to all families.
The Model T provided for mobility and freedom and led to suburban sprawl and changes in dating patterns.
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reconstructionfinance corporation
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was a governmentcorporation in the United States that operated between 1932 and 1957 which provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations and other businesses.
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Bonus Army
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More than 20,000 unemployed veterans converged on nation's capital to demand cash bonus congress had voted in 1924; Hoover ordered the veterans cleared out; a spooked policeman fired into the crowd and killed two veterans
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Manchurian Incident
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September 18, 1931
Bomb planted by soldiers to blow up train track
Blamed on Chinese terrorists
Used as excuse to "protect Manchu" and seize control
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Chiang Kai-shek
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- Nationalist leader after Sun Yat-sen
- Shanghai massacre
- defeated by Mao/ Communists= fled to Taiwan
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Mao Zedong
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Chinese Communist dictator in the 1900s
Leads party in China and overthrows the government and takes over
China is still under his government
Significant because he led China and is the reason China is a Communist country
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Appeasement
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The act of pleasing a party as according to the demands of a party.
1938
this was in hopes to avoid another World War.
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Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop)
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Guaranteed Germany and Soviet Union would not attack each other. Protected Germany from having to fight a 2 front war. Soviets got land (parts of Poland). Pact was broken when Nazis attached Soviets 2 years later. (1941)
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the four freedoms
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-the four key areas identified as essential for the Internal Market to work
-free movement of goods
-free movement of people
-free movement of services
-free movement of capital
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America First
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isolationist group
Charles Limburg: first person to fly across the Atlantic
Was a member and spoke at the conventions
Put American interests first, don't get involved with war
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“Soft Underbelly”
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Sicily, Italy
British not enthuasistic about frontal assault on German-held France
preferred to attack Hitler's Fortress Europe through the "Soft Underbelly" of the Mediterranean
americans reluctantly agreed to post-pone massive invasion of Europe
Patton lead American forces
Montgomery lead British
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Manhattan project
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Code name for the research and developmental project that produced the 1st atomic bomb during world war 1
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Executive Order 8802
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Issued by FDR June 25, 1941. This was issued.to prohibit racial discrimination. Fair Employment Practices Commission. Still no integration of army..
outlawed segregation in war production work areas
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Bracero Program
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treaty between US and Mexico that allowed Mexicans to come into the US and work as "braceros" to alleviate labor shortage in US
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Rosie the Riveter
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A cultural icon of the U.S. representing the American women who worked in factories during WWII, many of whom produced ammunition.
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Double-V Campaign
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-Campaign during WWII that encouraged black people to give their all for the war effort (to work for victory overseas) but also work for victory over civil rights at home
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Executive Order 9066
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"Yellow Peril" Authorized encampment of all Japanese living in US in WWII. Even US citizens who had Japanese heritage were imprisoned. Media relayed steretypes 2 support the encampment of Japanese
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United Nations
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an international peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong, founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development.
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G.I Bill
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Legislation passed by Congress in 1944 that made low cost loans to veterans and gave returning soldiers the opportunity for a college education; the Serviceman's Readjustment Act
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Yalta
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When: 20th century. Where: City in Ukraine. Who: Lenin, Stalin. What: in 1920, Vladimir Lenin issued a decree "On the Use of Crimea for the Medical Treatment of the Working People" which endorsed the region's transformation from a fairly exclusive resort area into a recreation facility for tired proletarians. Why: The town came to worldwide attention in 1945 when the Yalta Conference between the "Big Three" powers - the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom - was held at the Livadia Palace.
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containment
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aspects of the social bond and of the personality that act to prevent individuals from committing crimes and engaging in deviance
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Truman Doctrine
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-often considered the start of the Cold war
-first announced in 1947
-offered assistance to any country to combat communist influence or rule
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McCarthyism
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Charges that unfairly or dishonestly tarnish the motives, attack the patriotism, or violate the rights of individuals, especially of political opponents. Refers to the numerous unsubstantiated accusations of communism made against public and private individuals by Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s. (Ch. 18)
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HUAC
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Best example of mccarthyism. Investigstion if Americans to weed out those who want communism. They are responsible for the arrest of the Rosenbergs
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Civil Religion: Cold War
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-the foreign and domestic policies were shaped by cold war dynamics: professed desire to save the world from Soviet communism
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military-industrial complex
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network of defense contractors, the military, and government agencies that may work together to promote military spending and other policies from which they benefit
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The Affluent Society
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(1958) Novel written by economist John Kenneth Galbraith. Deduced that postwar Americans needed to spend less on personal consumption and devote more to schools, medical care, cultural activities and social services.
Book published by J.K. Gailbraith in 1958. The U.S. post WWII wealth is creating lots of problems. Problems were built in tendency for inflation, city centers decaying and a new type of poverty that persisted dispite wealth (wasnt caused economically). Concerned with people who suffered from personal handicaps (low health, not intelligent) and people who lived in islands of poverty that were untouched by the new prosperity (the rural areas, ap
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Levittowns
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neighborhoods consisting of several thousand simple houses, with identical interiors, and only slightly varied facades, each perched on its own concrete slab, a result of William Levitt's use of mass-production techniques to construct a large housing developments
developed in the 1950s
came to symbolize the new suburban growth by meeting an enormous and growing demand for housing, these towns began to appear across the nation
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redlining:
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banks drew red lines on maps around neighborhoods to whose residents & businesses they would deny credit.
Withholding home-loan funds or insurance from neighborhoods considered economic risks
neighborhoods deemed unacceptably risky due to racial & ethnic composition were often bounded in red on the maps used in the loan approval & appraisal processes.
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culture of consensus
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-1950s: emphasis on togetherness
-pledge of allegiance-god, country, and anti-communism
-people who lived in suburbs were connected
-kids same school, same churches; did shit together
-fitting in , being friendly, neighborly
-people arent friendly in cities
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NSC-68
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took the ideas of MR.X it's a A report analyzing the threat of soviet communism. Containment and active military response was called for under this including atomic weapons.
american force is nessesary whenever and where ever there is communist threats this had immense implications because it ment everywhere there's a hotspot the us needed military intervention and a communist threat is seen everywhere
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television
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____ emerged in the 1950s as a national medium and as a new challenge for pr expertise.
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Mont Pelerin Society
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composed of persons who continue to see the dangers to civilized society outlined in the statement of aims
see danger in the expansion of the government in the power of trade unions and business monopoly
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Middle-of-the-Road
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-medium concern for both people and production
-the manager uses both punishment and reward to encourage employees to do their jobs
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The Feminine Mystique
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Written by Betty Friedan
Questioned "Is this all" for the modern housewife
Can the definition of Feminine Mystique as, "the social belief women should be fulfilled through domesticity"
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The Other America
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Argued that 25% of the nation was living in poverty, caught the attention of US prez JFK
many people think that the book is responsible for LBJs "war on Poverty"
expanded social securityt benefits was traced back to Harringtons thinking.
because US spokesmen for democratic socialism in America
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