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BIOL 111: EXAM 1
Evolution |
is the process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest to the diversity of organism living today .
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order |
highly order structure that characterized life |
What is facilitated diffusion? Term |
process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins. Definition |
Energy Process |
chemical energy stored in its food to power flight and other work |
Growth & Development |
Inherited information carried by genes controls the pattern of growth and development or organism such as this oak seedling. |
Reproduction |
Organism reproduce their own kind |
Regulation |
Help maintain constant temperature by exchange of heat surrounding the air. |
Response to the environment |
environmental stimulus |
(What are the) seven characteristics of all living organisms? Term |
composed of cells, complex and ordered, respond to their environment, grow develop and reproduce, obtain and use energy, maintain internal balance, allow for evolutionary adaption Definition |
Cellular Level Term |
the first level in the hierarchy of living systems. Consists of atoms, molecules, and organelles Definition |
Organismal Level Term |
the second level in the hierarchy of living systems Definition |
Populational LevelTerm |
group of organisms of the same species living in the same place Definition |
Ecosystem Level Term |
the highest tier of biological organization. A biological community and the physical habitat that it lives in Definition
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(What are) emergent properties? Term |
Properties that result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system Definition |
(What is) comparative anatomyTerm |
Comparing the anatomical similarities and differences between species. Reflects evolutionary change Definition |
Homologous Term |
same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function Definition |
(What is) cell theory? Term |
all organisms are composed of one or more cells b) the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms c) all cells some from pre-existing cells. Definition |
What are the) three domains? Term |
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Definition |
What is) matter? Term |
anything that has mass and takes up space Definition |
What are) atoms (and what are they made of)? Term |
The most basic unit of matter consisting of electrons protons and neutrons Definition |
(What are) isotopes ? Term |
atoms of one element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei Definition |
(What is a) half-life? Term |
The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a radioactive element to decay or break down. Definition
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(Who is) Charles Darwin? Term |
he is the father of evolution and wrote "On the Origin of Species" Definition |
What are channel proteins? Term |
hydrophyllic channels when open Definition |
What is the major barrier to passive transport? Term |
hydrophobic interior that repels polar molecules but not nonpolar molecules Definition |
(What is the) difference between mass and weight?Term |
mass is the amount of matter found in an object while weight is a measure of the force of gravity on the object. Definition |
Analogous Term |
structures of different origin but used for the same purpose Definition |
What is) passive transport? Term |
The movement of substances through a membrane in which no energy is required definition |
What are integral membrane proteins? Term |
proteins that span the lipid bilayer Definition |
Population |
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a |
Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess: |
inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
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Natural Selection. |
Through time, the linage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by: |
reductionism. |
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? |
TeAbout 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up
approximately 96% of living matter?rm |
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen |
Polar covalent bonds |
What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms? |
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? |
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. |
In ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) the anion is a single chloride ion, Cl. What is the cation of NH4Cl? |
NH4, with a charge of +1 |
Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions? |
The atom has more electrons than protons. |
TerIn a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by:m |
Polar covalent bonds. |
dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie?rm |
1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C |
Why does ice float in liquid water? |
Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.ion
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What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate? |
complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases |
one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence: |
5'TGCAAT3'
|
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? |
guanine and adenine |
Methyl Group |
Methyl Group A ____ _____ consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The carbon may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom; Methylated compounds; nonpolar. (--CH3) |
Phosphate Group |
in the ___ _____, a phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms; one oxygen is bonded to a carbon skeleton; two oxygens carry negative charges; Organic phosphates; polar. (--OPO3^2-) |
Sulfhydryl Grouperm |
Sulfhydryl Group A ______ ______ consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; it resembles of hydroxyl group in shape; Thiols; polar. (--SH) |
Radioactive Isotope |
isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
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