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HIST 2111: Exam 1
Crown
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the part of the tooth covered with enamel
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Root
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the portion of a tooth embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum
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Cementum
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Layer of bonelike tissue covering the root of the tooth
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Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)
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Junction of enamel of the crown and cementum of the root. Forms the cervical line around the tooth
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Gingiva
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Part of the gum tissue that immediately surrounds the teeth and alveolar bone
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Anatomic Crown
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The whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel, regardless of whether it is erupted
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Clinical Crown
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The part of the crown that is seen above the gingiva
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Clinical Root
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Unerupted portion of the tooth
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Eruption
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The moving of the tooth through its surrounding tissues so that the clinical crown gradually appears longer
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Bi/trifurcation
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Division of the root portion into 2 or 3 segments
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Apex
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Terminal end of the root
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Dental Arch
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All the teeth in either the maxillary or mandibular jaw that form an arch.
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Alveolar Process
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The portion of the jaw that supports the teeth.
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Alveolus
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Bony socket in which the tooth fits.
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Maxillary
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Teeth in the upper part of the jaw.
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Mandibular
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Teeth in the lower part of the jaw.
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Enamel
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Forms the outer surface of the crown. Hardest tissue of the teeth.
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Chemical composition of enamel
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96% inorganic and 4% organic matter and water
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Dentin
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Forms the main portion or body of the tooth; hard, dense, calcified tissue located beneath the enamel
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Composition of dentin
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70% inorganic and 30% organic matter and water
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Secondary Dentin
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Dentin formed throughout the pulp chamber and pulp canal from the time of eruption
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Reparative Dentin
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Dentin that is laid down in response to caries or trauma.
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Cementum
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Bonelike substance that covers the root; provides a medium for the attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone
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Chemical composition of cementum
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45-50% inorganic and 50-55% organic matter
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Dentinocemental Junction
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The union of cementum and dentin
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Cellular Cementum
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Cementum in which cells are trapped
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Acellular Cementum
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Covers the entire anatomical root; no cells are trapped
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Cementoblasts
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The cells that produce cementum
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Pulp
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the nourishing, sensory, and dentin-reparative system of the tooth; composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and odontoblasts.
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Pulp Cavity
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Entire cavity within the tooth, including the pulp canal and pulp chamber.
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Pulp Chamber
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Cavity or chamber in the center of the crown of a tooth that normally contains the major portion of the dental pulp.
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Pulp Canal
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Canal in the root of a tooth that leads from the apex to the pulp chamber. Usually contains dental pulp tissue
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Incisors
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designed to cut with a biting edge. The lingual surface is shaped like a shovel
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Canines
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Designed to function as holding or grasping teeth. Also function to protect the jaw during side jaw movements. Longest roots of any teeth
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Premolars
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Usually have 2 cusps. Aid in holding food, but also assist in grinding the food. Also called bicuspids
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Molars
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Usually have 4 or more cusps. Located posterior to the premolars. Function is to chew and grind up food
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Anterior Teeth
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Central and lateral incisors; canines.
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Posterior Teeth
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Premolars and molars.
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Lingual Surface
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The surface of the tooth that faces the tongue.
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Facial Surface
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General term for surface of the tooth that faces the lips or cheeks
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Labial Surface
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Specific term for surface of the tooth that faces the lip
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Buccal Surface
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Surface of the tooth that faces the cheek
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Proximal Surface
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Surface of a tooth that faces the neighboring tooth's surface in the same arch
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Mesial Proximal Surface
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Closest to the midline of the face
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Distal Proximal Surface
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Faces away from the midline of the face.
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Occlusal Surface
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Biting surface of the tooth
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Incisal Ridge
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Biting edge of incisors
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Line Angle
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Separates two surfaces of a tooth by forming the junction of the two surfaces
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Point Angle
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The point at which three surfaces meet
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Lobe
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Part of a tooth formed by any one of the major developing centers that begin the calcification of the tooth.
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Developmental Grooves
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The shallow lines that separate primary parts of the crown or root
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Cingulum
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Lingual lobe of anterior teeth
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Cusp
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A mound on the crown portion of the tooth that makes up a major division of its occlusal or incisal surface
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Triangular Ridges
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Main ridges on each cusp that run from the tip of the cusp to the central part of the occlusal surface
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Transverse Ridge
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Union of two triangular ridges that cross the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
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Periodontium
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Supporting structures around the teeth
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Alignment
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The position of teeth in the jaw
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Proximal Contact Areas
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Areas on the surface of the teeth where the proximal surfaces touch one another
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Contact Point
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Where the occlusal cusp of one tooth touches the occlusal portion of another tooth on the opposing arch
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Interproximal Spaces
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Triangular-shaped spaces between the teeth formed by the bone on one side and the proximal surfaces and their contact area on the other; filled with gingival tissue
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Interdental Space
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Space between the teeth
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Cervical Embrasure
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Embrasure or spillway located cervical to the contact area of the teeth
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Buccal Embrasure
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Space buccal to the contact area
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Lingual Embrasure
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Space lingual to the contact area
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Purposes of Embrasures
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- allow food to be shunted away from contact areas
- reduce forces of occlusal trauma
- self-cleaning
- permit slight stimulation to the gingiva and protects gingiva
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Free Gingiva
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Gingiva that forms the gingival sulcus
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Open Contacts
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Space between adjacent teeth in the same arch; an interproximal opening
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Recession
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Migration of the gingival crest in an apical direction, away from the crown of the tooth
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Overhanging Restoration
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Excess of filling material extending past the confines of the tooth preparation
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Deciduous
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Baby teeth
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Secondary Dentition
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32 permanent teeth
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Succandaneous Teeth
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Permanent teeth that replace or succeed the deciduous teeth
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Nonsuccedaneous Teeth
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Do not have precessors and do not replace any deciduous teeth
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Mixed Dentition
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Comprises some permanent and some deciduous teeth
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Universal System
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Uses numbers 1-32 for permanent teeth and letters A-T for primary teeth
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Palmer Notation System
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System of coding the teeth using brackets, numbers and letters
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Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
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Each tooth is given a two-digit number, according to quadrant and which tooth it is
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Tooth Germs
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Tiny tooth buds located in the alveolar process
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Calcification
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The hardening of the tooth tissues by the deposition of mineral salts within these tissues
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Coalescence
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Fusion of developmental lobes
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Mamelon
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One of the three rounded protuberances of the incisal surface of a newly erupted incisor tooth
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Exfoliation
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Process by which the roots of a baby tooth are resorbed and dissolved and the baby tooth falls out
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Resorption
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Osteoclasts destroy the root of a baby tooth as a permanent tooth erupts
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Impacted
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Those teeth that do not completely erupt, but remain embedded in bone or soft tissue
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Congenitally Missing Tooth
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A tooth that never forms because a tooth bud was never produced
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Attrition
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Process of normal wear on the crown
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Occlusal Plane
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Where a tooth meets the tooth in the opposing arch
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Curve of Spee
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Curved alignment of the occlusal plane
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Edentulous
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No teeth
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