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GEOG 1101: Exam 2
social production of nature
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the refashioning of landscapes and species by human activity, especially capitalist production and labor processes
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conservation
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the view that natural resources should be used wisely and their society;s effects on the natural world should represent stewardship and not exploitation.
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preservation
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an approach to nature advocating that some habitats, species, and resources should remain off limits to human use, regardless of whether the use maintains or depletes the resource in question.
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Cultural ecology
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study of the relationship between cultural groups and its natural environment
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political ecology
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the approach to cultural geography that studies human environment relations through the relationships of patterns of resource use to poetical and economic resources.
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environmental justice
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movement reflecting a growing political consciousness, largely among the worlds poor, that their immediate environments are far more toxic than wealthy neighborhoods.
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first nature
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pristine, natural, untouched
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second nature
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environments modified by human activity
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technology
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physical objects or artifacts, activities or processes, and knowledge
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Rachel Carson
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Silent Spring, warned of the danger of ag pesticides
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I-PAT
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Impact on earth's resources, Population, Affluence, as measured per capita income, Technology
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Metabolism
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Humans must turn the environment into things that sustain our existence
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Newtown Florist Club
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Enviromental Justice EX; Neighborhood in Gainesville built on landfill caused disease as industry grew
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Culture
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shared set of meanings that are lived through the material and symbolic practices of everyday life.
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cultural geography
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how space place and landscape shape culture at the same time that culture shapes space place and landscape.
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Gender
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the social differences between men and women rather than anatomical differences that are related to sex.
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gender performativity
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gender is a learned behavior
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race
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problematic classification of human beings based on skin color and other physical characteristics
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radicalization
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tiers to understand how whiteness became the norm
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sexuality
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the set practices and identities that given culture considers related to each other and to those things it considers sexual acts and desires.
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Jane Elliot
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blue eyed/brown eyed experiment
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Robert Moses
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visionary architect who transformed NYC, helped create modern suburb. Bulldozed low-income houses, replaced with high-rise towers.
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Cross Bronx Expressway
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away for people to get out of the city quickly. It led to the removal of middle class in Bronx.
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Urban Renewal
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At the same time, Manhattan changes are happening. Ghettos were removed and displaced poor, lower class. Poor were placed in high-rise apartments and pushed out of Manhattan.
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The South Bronx
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caught in master development plan and becomes origin of hiphop
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Benign Effect
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the civil rights movement actions that the government did was in harm, so the gov't should not be involved and let the economy drive community.
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DJ Kool Here
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first hiphop dj, began playing breaks on records, break dancing and rapping
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Afrika Baambataa
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Gang member, formed zulu nation and turned pointless street violence to cultural importance. Positive street gang dedicated to music knowledge.
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4 elements of hip hop
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Dj-ing
rapping or toasting
break dancing
graffiti
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toasting
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Jamaican artists that were precursors of american rappers. Chanting or rhyming over a beat
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All City
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graffiti a train that ran through all of NYC
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Represent
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based in the beginning of competition b/w neighborhoods so the modern slang of "you got to represent" your affiliation came afterward
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Prop 13
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Legislation 1979 passed in CA, cap levels of property taxes that the gov't can collect, dramatically alters the state and local finances.
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drugs
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crack hit LA hard, helped by Rick Ross, the Contras, and the CIA
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Watts Riots
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really radicalized a generation of that would go on to be gangster rappers
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Operation Hammer/LAPD
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They would go through the neighborhood and arrest anyone on the streets just because they fit the profile of a gang member.
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Derelict landscape
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landscapes that have experimented, abandonment, misuse or disinvestment
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Territoriality
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the specific attachment of individuals or people to a specific location or territory
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landscape as a text
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the idea that landscapes can be read and written by groups of individuals
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semiotics
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the practice of writing and reading signs
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primary activities
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economic activities that are concerned directly with natural resources of any kind
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secondary activities
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economic activities that process, transform, fabricate, or assemble the raw materials derived from primary activities, or that reassemble, refinish, or package manufactured goods
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tertiary activities
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economics activities involving the sale and exchange of goods and services
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Quaternary Activities
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economic activities that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information
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geographical and international division of labor
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the specialization by countries, in particular products of export
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Newly industrialized countries (NICs)
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countries formally peripheral within the world system that have acquired a significant industrial sector, usually through foreign direct investment
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Economic development
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refers the process of change involving the nature and composition of the economy of a particular region as well as to increase in the overall prosperity of a region.
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initial advantage
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the critical importance of an early start in economic development; a special case of external economies
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cumulative causation
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a spiral build up of advantages that occurs in specific geographic setting as a result of the development of external economies, agglomeration effects and localization economies.
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spread effects
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the positive impacts on a region of the economic growth of some other region
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creative destruction
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the withdraw of investments from activities that yield low rates of profit in order to reinvest in new activities.
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Fordism
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principles for mass production based on assembly line techniques, scientific management, mass consumption based on higher wages, and sophisticated advertising techniques
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post industrial economy
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economies where the tertiary and quarterly sectors have grown to dominate the workforce, with smaller but highly productive secondary sectors
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