LING 2100: Exam 1
29 Cards in this Set
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Phonetics
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study sounds that make up language
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3 types of phonetics
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articulatory: way speech is produced
acoustic: what is produced from articulation
auditory : how humans process human sounds
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segments
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discrete units of speech that can be divided into consonants and vowels
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consonants
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ride on top of segments: apply to strings of consonants and vowelsex: stress, tone, intonation
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consonants
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produced from constriction somewhere in vocal tract that blocks air flow
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vowels
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slight narrowing, allow air flow freely
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syllable
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a unit of speech made up of rhymes & onsets
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rhyme
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vowel and any components that come after it
has a nucleus vocalic part, and the coda, final consonants
consonants dont function as nucleus, vowels dont function as onset
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vowels divided into
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monothongs: simple vowels
diphthongs: complex vowels 2+ configurations
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3 aspect of consonant articualtion: segmental features
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voiced or voiceless?
where is the mainstream constricted - place of articulation
How is the mainstream constricted - manner of articulation
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3 anatomy complexes
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Larynx: vocal folds & glottis
Vocal tract: above larynx, oral and nasal cavitities
Sub glottal System: below larynx,
Nasal cavity-->oral cavity --> pharynx --> larynx -->trachea -->lungs
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pulmonic eggresive mechanism
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lung blowing out air stream
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Vocal folds
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in larynx, flap of tissue, epiglottis, folds to cover vocal folds
Glottis: opening between the cords
Voicing: vibration caused by vocal folds
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voiced sounds
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made with vocal folds vibrating
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voiceless sounds
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vocal folds are not vibrating
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Places of articulation:
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where air is constricted
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bilabial consonants
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both lips closed toguether
5 : [p] [b] [m] [w] [wh]
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labiodental consonants
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lower lip against upper front teeth
2 : [f] fat [v] vat
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interdentals
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tip of tongue protuding between front teeth
2 : [theta] thigh [theta x on top] thy
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alveolar
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tongue tip at or near alveolar ridge (behind upper front teeth)
7: [t] tab [d] dab [s] sip [z] zip [n] noose [l] loose [r] red
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post alveolar
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slide back along roof of your mouth before soft part
4 : [curve l] leash [3] meausure [tf] church [d3] judge
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palatal
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tongue near center of hard portion of the roof
1 : [j] yes
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velar
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soft part of the roof of mouth behind the hard plate, velum.
3 : [k] kill [g] gill [n*] sing
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glottal
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made at the larynx - glottis is space between vocal folds
2 [h] high , history
& Glottal stop [?] before the vowel sound in uh oh
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Manner of articulation:
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air stream modified to make the sound, depends on closure degree of articulation
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stop
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complete close airstream in oral cavity
ex [p] voiceless bilabial stop [b] voiced bilavial stop
[t] [d] [k] [g] [?]
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fricatives
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near complete obstruction , small airflow, hiss like
[l*] ship
[f] [v] [theta] [thetax] [s] [z] [3] [h]
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affricatives
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brief stop of airstream then realeasing airstream so that frication sound is produced
[tf] church [d3] judge
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nasals
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...
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LING 2100: Test two