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ANTH 210: FINAL EXAM
caste system |
Closed, hereditary system of stratification, often dictated by religion; hierarchical social status is ascribed at birth, so that people are locked into their parents' social position |
clan |
Unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent.
|
descent group |
A permanent social unit whose members claim common ancestry; fundamental to tribal society.
|
dowry |
A marital exchange in which the wife's group provides substantial gifts to the husband's family.
|
endogamy |
Marriage between people of the same social group.
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exogamy |
Mating or marriage outside one's kin group; a cultural universal. |
extended family household |
Expanded household including three or more generations.
|
family |
A group of people (e.g., parents, children, siblings, grandparents, grandchildren, uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, cousins, spouses, siblings-in-law, parents-in-law, children-in-law) who are considered to be related in some way, for example, by "blood" (common ancestry or descent) or marriage. |
family of orientation |
Nuclear family in which one is born and grows up
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family of procreation |
Nuclear family established when one marries and has children.
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incest |
Sexual relations with a close relative.
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levirate |
Custom by which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband.
|
lineage |
Unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent.
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matrilineal descent |
Unilineal descent rule in which people join the mother's group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life.
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matrilocality |
Customary residence with the wife's relatives after marriage, so that children grow up in their mother's community
|
neolocality |
Postmarital residence pattern in which a couple establishes a new place of residence rather than living with or near either set of parents.
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patrilineal descent |
Unilineal descent rule in which people join the father's group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life. |
patrilocality |
Customary residence with the husband's relatives after marriage, so that children grow up in their father's community. |
plural marriage |
Marriage of a man to two or more women (polygyny) or marriage of a woman to two or more men (polyandry)—at the same time; see also polygamy. |
polyandry |
Variety of plural marriage in which a woman has more than one husband. |
polygamy |
Marriage with three or more spouses, at the same time; see also plural marriage. |
polygyny |
Variety of plural marriage in which a man has more than one wife. |
sororate |
Custom by which a widower marries the sister of his deceased wife. |
unilineal descent |
Matrilineal or patrilineal descent. |
Bridewealth |
a Customary gift before, at, or after the marriage from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin
|
Progeny Price |
bridewealth, the result of marriage is that the children of the women are brought up as the kin of the husbands family
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domestic |
Within or pertaining to the home. |
domestic-public dichotomy |
Contrast between women's role in the home and men's role in public life, with a corresponding social devaluation of women's work and worth.
|
gender identity |
dentity based on whether a person feels, and is regarded as, male, female, or something else. |
domestic-public dichotomy |
Contrast between women's role in the home and men's role in public life, with a corresponding social devaluation of women's work and worth. |
gender roles |
The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.
|
gender stereotypes |
oversimplified but strongly held ideas about the characteristics of males and females.
|
gender stratification |
Unequal distribution of rewards (socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom) between men and women, reflecting their different positions in a social hierarchy. |
intersex |
Pertaining to a group of conditions reflecting a discrepancy between the external genitals (penis, vagina, etc.) and the internal genitals (testes, ovaries, etc.). |
patriarchy |
Political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status, including basic human rights.
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sexual dimorphism |
Marked differences in male and female biology besides the contrasts in breasts and genitals
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patrilineal-patrilocal complex |
An interrelated constellation of patrilineality, patrilocality, warfare, and male supremacy |
sexual orientation |
A person's habitual sexual attraction to, and activities with persons of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or both sexes (bisexuality)
|
transgender |
A category of varied individuals whose gender identity contradicts their biological sex at birth and the gender identity that society assigned to them in infancy.
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climate change |
Global warming, plus changing sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects.
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cultural imperialism |
The rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, or its imposition on other cultures, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys—usually because of differential economic or political influence. |
diaspora |
The offspring of an area who have spread to many lands. |
ecological anthropology |
Study of cultural adaptations to environments. |
essentialism |
The process of viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed.
|
ethnoecology |
A culture's set of environmental practices and perceptions.
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greenhouse effect |
Warming from trapped atmospheric gases.
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indigenization |
Process by which cultural items introduced from outside are modified to fit the local culture |
postmodern |
In its most general sense, describes the blurring and breakdown of established canons (rules, standards), categories, distinctions, and boundaries.
|
postmodernism |
A style and movement in architecture that succeeded modernism. Compared with modernism, postmodernism is less geometric, less functional, less austere, more playful, and more willing to include elements from diverse times and cultures; post-modern now describes comparable developments in music, literature, and visual art.
|
postmodernity |
Condition of a world in flux, with people on-the-move, in which established groups, boundaries, identities, contrasts, and standards are reaching out and breaking down. |
Westernization |
The acculturative influence of Western expansion on other cultures. |