ANTH 210: EXAM 1

The idea that the nutritional value of food is a sum of all its ingredients, vitamins etc.

hey target different ethnic groups without accounting for variation (ie pushing large amounts of dairy on a largely lactose-intolerant Chinese population)

cuisine-based set of food rules leading toward a health body. features heavy use of the superfood olive oil. This diet became an important model fo rnutritionists in the US who were grappling with high incidences of coronary heart disease in the 80s.

Diet claims to be "the one to which we are best genetically adapted" and suggests that it can reduce the risk of disease. Rejects foods brought about by agriculture (ie cereal, dairy, salted foods), instead focusing on a high intake of protein (mostly meat) and fresh fruits and veggies.

"Immediate Return" Smaller populations (>1000 people). Organized into smaller, mobile egalitarian bands which are based on equality and cooperation. Bands are the domestic group compromised of kin (blood or marriage). -move frequently (by season) -few surpluses acquired -relatively equal social order + sharing

"Delayed Return". Seasonal movements to camps with return to permanent villages. -many surpluses: food processed and domestically stored for later use -constant sharing but also gift giving to enhance prestige -equality in food access, but surpluses allow differences of social standing -Tribal/chiefly political organization; ascribed and achieved leadership makes decisions and keeps order

uninhibited sharing/giving

the domestication of and reliance on herd animals

The art of garden cultivation and management

-Mobility determined by terrain, seasons, water availability and pasture for herds -Some surpluses produced (especially animal products) -Generalized reciprocity among domestic group -Equal access to necessities(social differentiation based on ownership of wealth) -Larger population comrised of kin groups, wider-decision making roles played by leaders of the tribe

-Semi-sedentary to tend gardens and manage storage -surpluses can be stored for purposes such as raising social standing -generalized reciprocity among domestic group, with exchange between more socially distant groups for multiple purposes -Equitable access to necessities (social differentiation based on ownership of wealth) -Larger population comprised of kin groups who form domestic groups, wider-decision making roles played by leaders of the tribe

-Sedentary societies to tend nearly constant production of fields, however does see rural-urban migrations and expansion into new lands -Huge surpluses produced and widely distributed to non-agriculturally productive members. (Surpluses used to support large populations) -Generalized reciprocity among domestic group, increasingly dominant market exchange (redistribution allows for state authority and control) -Inequitable access to necessities, social differentiation based on ownership of wealth -Population comprised of kin groups which form increasingly isolated domestic groups. Wider-decision making roles of leaders become formalized and centralized in a state.

primarily associated with large scale societies or civilizations due to the high surpluses. As farming moved past subsistence activities, those who were supported by the large surpluses could focus on other specialties such as the making of pottery, textiles etc. Often centers around the household, where the division of labor establishes men as the primary workers of land and food production. Laid the foundation for states.

focus on staples such as wheat, rice and maize. the benefit of these staples is their ability to be stored, ground and converted into a range of other food products.

eclectic form of consumption associated with capitalism. directs consumers to purchase newest items.strategy to cope with variety that allows a wide ranging consumption to garner greatest cultural capital-greatest nutritional advantage.

geographical region that produces food for a particular region

keep energy up-->introduction of sugar (quick energy. fit into new patterns industrialized labor

-create jams -preservative -quick energy (calories) -cheap -mix in coffee to eliminate bitterness (more energy) -used to be a medicine (balancing elements in the body--> sugar changes disposition) -decoration *note that sugar is no longer associated with richness -->value lost

emerged same time as nation states. shared common language, symbols, schools ystem

inalienable wealth, a living cultural thing that is passed through generations (mostly matriarchy).

raw-->cooked-->rotten

the principle that an individual's beliefs/activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own cultures and backgrounds.

how people classify plants and animals

desire to try new food

fear of trying new food

flow of ingredients + cuisines across the globe. capture the global presence of cuisine --> move into the public imagination as a distinct culinary tradition.

the brand of a culture. long term, nutritious adaptations. they change as new ideas are incorporated.

driven by neophilia +tempted by neophobia (wanting to try new food but being scared of new tastes). you will only understand what food is edible through tasting it (ie you cannot smell poisonous berries). we do not instinctively know what we should eat,yet slowly edible status + names have been conferred.

basis for modern nutritionism. associations between food and its effect on the body. combinations of foods interacting with humors in the body (a healthy diet would avoid illness).

highest calories obtained from least amount of physical exertion

simplified french cooking --> shortened menus and cooking times. smaller portions, stylish plating. famous chefs. new kitchen technology.

spice (mixed with other ingredients) --> decoration --> medecine (lacking sweetness = mood booster) --> sweetener (food) -->preservative

high in protein, calorically dense, sustainable, zero fat content. this may need to occur globally due to the high demands of populations

...