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PSYC 204: FINAL EXAM
Infants would nearly have tripled their birth weight by the age of: |
one year |
Of the following infants, who is MOST at risk for SIDS?
a. Mimi; her mother smokes
b. Sylvia; she sleeps in firm bedding
c. Grace; she was born weighing more than most babies
d. Megumi; she uses a pacifier when she goes to sleep |
Mimi; her mother smokes |
Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to:
A. a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.
B. a social label placed on a similar group of people based on their heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language.
C. the degree to which development is similar or universal across cultures. D. the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation. |
a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics |
Jason was born with _____. The doctor tells his parents that this genetic disorder occurred because he has an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
Down syndrome |
When Alice speaks to her six-month old niece, her voice immediately takes on a higher pitch, her speech becomes slower, and she begins using more simplistic words and phrases. This change in Alice's language behavior provides an example of: |
child-directed speech |
Since 1992, The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that _____ to reduce the risk of SIDS.
A. all fans in the room be turned off while putting a baby down to sleep B. parents practice shared sleeping with their infants
C. infants be placed to sleep on their backs
D. babies be fed on demand instead of on schedule |
infants be placed to sleep on their backs
|
In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes.
A. 23 unpaired
B. 46 paired
C. 46 unpaired
D. 23 paired |
23 unpaired |
In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, most babies encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff would:
A. crawl onto the cliff side.
B. crawl onto the cliff side only when their mothers called them.
C. not crawl onto the cliff side but showed significant increases in heart rate indicating anxiety about the situation.
D. not crawl onto the cliff side |
not crawl onto the cliff side |
Benji starts calling his father "dad", but he also calls all men that he sees "dad". According to Piaget, this error is due to _____.
A. assimilation
B. accommodation
C. amalgamation
D. application |
assimilation |
Dr. McLean has designed a study to test the cognitive skills of people in their 30s, 50s, and 70s where data is collected over the course of a day through a series of tests. What type of research approach is Dr. McLean using?
A. Longitudinal
B. Cross-sectional
C. Cohort
D. Latitudinal |
cross-sectional |
A(n) _____ is a layer of fat cells that encases and insulates many axons and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon.
A. nociceptor
B. dendrite
C. myelin sheath
D. astrocyte |
myelin sheath |
Kelly responds to her infant son's needs in a consistent and timely way. When he is tired she puts him down for a nap, and when he is hungry she feeds him. Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of: A. initiative.
B. integrity.
C. autonomy.
D. trust. |
trust |
Mariah has given birth to a baby girl. Even one month after delivery, she is experiencing very strong feelings of sadness and anxiety. She is so morose that she is having trouble coping with daily tasks. Mariah is most likely suffering from:
A. postpartum blues.
B. postpartum depression. C. posttraumatic stress disorder. D. paranoid schizophrenia. |
postpartum depression |
Jonathan is almost completely dependent on his parents for his wants and needs and is only just beginning to acquire language skills and sensorimotor coordination. Which of the following development periods is Jonathan in?
A. Early childhood
B. Infancy
C. Late childhood
D. Middle childhood |
Infancy |
The nucleus of each human cell contains _____, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A. mesosomes B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. chromosomes |
chromosomes |
A recent recommendation stated that for children 2 to 4 years of age screen time should be limited to no more than _____ hour per day.
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 |
1 |
Separation protest is characterized by:
A. crying when the caregiver shouts. B. crying when the caregiver leaves. C. indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver.
D. rejoicing when the caregiver returns. |
crying when the caregiver leaves |
A police officer visits Ben and Heather's class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings colorful balloons and lots of jars of bubbles for the children to blow. Later, Heather tells her parents all about the balloons and bubbles but cannot remember any of the safety rules the officer presented. Heather obviously paid more attention to what was _____.
A. salient
B. habituated
C. intended
D. relevant |
salient |
Suzie, 3, has to eat everything on her plate at dinner or her father punishes her by sending her to bed without dinner the next day. Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and punishments. Suzie's father is most likely a(n):
A. authoritative parent.
B. neglectful parent.
C. authoritarian parent.
D. indulgent parent |
authoritarian parent |
According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:
A. trust versus mistrust.
B. initiative versus guilt.
C. industry versus inferiority. D. autonomy versus shame and doubt |
initiative versus guilt |
Neville isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas & Chess, he would be classified as:
A. difficult child.
B. slow-to-warm-up child.
C. slow child.
D. easy child. |
slow-to-warm-up child |
A toddler is likely to learn something in the zone of proximal development (ZPD) if:
A. parents or teachers do not interfere.
B. the task is more difficult than the child can do alone.
C. the toddler has mastered all the skills necessary.
D. the toddler uses no help from a parent or teacher. |
the task is more difficult than the child can do alone |
Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction. These researchers are studying the concept of:
A. sense of self.
B. trust.
C. attachment.
D. temperament. |
sense of self |
When one-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile.
A. social
B. natural
C. reflexive
D. private |
reflexive |
Which of the following is true of children in divorced families? A. Children in divorced families are no more likely than children in nondivorced families to have academic problems.
B. A majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment problems.
C. Competent children cannot be raised in single-parent families. D. Divorces inevitably impair children's ability to adapt to difficulties in their lives. |
a majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment problems
|
According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.
A. easy
B. difficult
C. slow-to-warm-up
D. inflexible |
easy |
Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment. However, her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden in their house. Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns:
A. social dysfunction. B. nonreciprocal interactions. C. insecure attachment.
D. goodness of fit. |
goodness of fit |
Parker is in the Strange Situation, he shows little interaction with his caregiver. He isn't distressed upon separation and does not reestablish contact upon reunion. He would be classified as _____.
A. insecure avoidant
B. insecure resistant
C. securely attached
D. insecure disorganized |
insecure avoidant |
Which of the following is an effective way of handling a child's misbehavior, according to most child psychologists?
A. Shouting at the child just enough to get the point across
B. Mild spanking, calculated not to hurt the child
C. Time out, in which the child is removed from a setting that offers positive reinforcement
D. Cut off one of their hands with a lightsaber if they refuse to join the dark side |
Time out, in which the child is removed from a setting that offers positive reinforcement |
Most children know whether they are physically a girl or boy by about _____ years of age.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 5 |
3 |
Logan is a warm and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his kids. As he encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior from his children, Baumrind would classify him as a: A. neglectful parent.
B. authoritarian parent.
C. indulgent parent.
D. authoritative parent. |
authoritative parent |
In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then, continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as _____.
A. insecure avoidant
B. insecure resistant
C. securely attached
D. insecure disorganized |
securely attached |
Which of the following is true of social smiling?
A. The external stimulus is typically a face, in the case of young infants. B. It does not occur in response to external stimuli.
C. It usually appears during sleep. D. It appears during the first month after birth |
The external stimulus is typically a face, in the case of young infants |
Working-class and low-income families are more likely to practice a(n) _____ parenting style. A. permissive ignoring B. authoritarian
C. egalitarian
D. permissive indulgent |
authoritarian |
Patricia, 6, loves to decorate books by drawing pictures and putting in words to describe them. Her ideas are more balanced now. She has started to analyze and understand things. However, she is egocentric and holds what her parents describe as "magical beliefs". Patricia is in Piaget's _____ stage of development. A. sensorimotor
B. concrete operational
C. formal operational D. preoperational |
preoperational |
Eight-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Michael will MOST likely:
A. crawl away from the mirror, because he does not recognize his own reflection in the mirror.
B. touch his own nose to wipe off the spot.
C. touch the spot on the mirror, because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose.
D. touch the spot on the mirror, because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose |
crawl away from the mirror, because he does not recognize his own reflection in the mirror |
41. In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as:
A. solidly attached.
B. securely attached.
C. agape-love attached.
D. trusting attached. |
securely attached |
Karen is often praised for gender typical behavior. Her parents make statements like "Karen you are such a good girl when you play with your doll"! Gender researchers would use this as support for what theory of gender development? A. Psychoanalytic theory
B. Social cognitive theory
C. Social role theory
D. Evolutionary psychology |
social cognitive theory |
This theory of gender stems from the view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
A. Social role theory of gender B. Social cognitive theory of gender C. Psychoanalytic theory of gender D. Evolutionary psychology view of gender |
Psychoanalytic theory of gender |
Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this type of smiling: A. attachment smiling.
B. trust smiling.
C. reflexive smiling.
D. social smiling |
social smiling |
About _____ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.
A. half
B. one-third
C. three times
D. twice |
three times |
Hermione, 8, has a test tomorrow. "It's an easy test", she tells her mother. "I just have to recognize a bunch of stuff on a chart. I finished studying for it yesterday". Hermione is exhibiting her:
A. metadata.
B. brainstorming ability. C. metamemory.
D. creative thinking. |
metamemory |
African American students are _____ times as likely as Latinos, Native Americans, or Whites to be suspended from school.
A. four
B. two
C. five
D. three |
two |
Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are capable of _____, which is the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension.
A. libation
B. classification
C. seriation
D. reversibility |
seriation |
Those individuals who have IQs of 55 to 70 fall into the _____ category of intellectual disability.
A. profound
B. mild
C. moderate
D. severe |
mild |
Ginny and Harry's last child has just left home to attend Hogwarts. According to research, this will most likely be a time when:
A. they will have increased marital satisfaction.
B. they will spend less time together as they both pursue outside interests.
C. Ginny and Harry will grow more emotionally distant.
D. Ginny will feel depressed, but Harry will not |
they will have increased marital satisfaction |
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities? A. Intimacy versus isolation B. Integrity versus despair
C. Identity versus identity confusion D. Generativity versus stagnation |
intimacy versus isolation |
Researchers have found that male rapists share the following characteristics: aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity; they are angry at women in general; and _____.
A. they believe that the victim was not hurt by the rape.
B. they want to hurt and humiliate their victims.
C. they are generally physically strong men.
D. they have an overwhelming need for sex. |
they want to hurt and humiliate their victims |
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.
A. more positively; stronger sense of identity
B. more negatively; deeper sense of regret
C. as misfits; a more negative self-image
D. as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy |
more positively; stronger sense of identity |
The abstract quality of thinking during the _____ stage is evident in the adolescent's verbal problem-solving ability.
A. conventional reasoning
B. passive operational
C. concrete operational
D. formal operational |
formal operational |
Boys are estimated to be _____ more likely to have autism spectrum disorders than girls are.
A. twice
B. marginally
C. five times
D. two to three times |
five times |
Luke's aunt and uncle (who have raised him from infancy) have decided that he will become a farmer just like them. Luke has not really thought about the issue much himself, and he will most likely do what they advise. James Marcia would classify Luke's identity status as:
A. identity moratorium.
B. identity diffusion.
C. identity achievement.
D. identity foreclosure. |
identity foreclosure |
Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns of U.S. adolescents that:
A. early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.
B. schools should start and end earlier to help adolescents to keep to earlier bedtimes.
C. early school starting times are conducive to the sleep patterns of older adolescents but not to those of younger adolescents.
D. early school starting times are most conducive to the sleep patterns of adolescents. |
early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents. |
Barry sits in the back of the room, and very few of the children in class even know his name. He does not have any best friends, but he is not disliked by his classmates. Which of the following is Barry's probable sociometric status?
A. Neglected
B. Popular
C. Controversial
D. Rejected |
Neglected |
A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that education programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge:
A. are less likely to reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy than abstinence-only programs.
B. do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse.
C. are no more likely to reduce the risk of sexually-transmitted infections than abstinence-only programs.
D. result in an increase in the incidence of sexual intercourse. |
do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse. |