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Test 3: ANSC 210
to avoid being bitten by a dog, don't ____, ___, or _____ |
look at the dog, talk to the dog, touch the dog |
be the fearless pack leader and ____ the dog |
ignore |
vocal communication- different sound groups- infantile= |
purring |
warning= |
growl |
withdrawl= |
yelp |
pleasure= |
purring |
howling= |
wants company |
yelping= |
hurt |
chirrup= |
greeting |
meow= cats want _____, ____, or _____ |
food, play, or interaction |
Olfactory communication= identify ____, ____ and _____ |
species, sex, reproductive stages |
scents emitted by dogs= ___, ___, ___ or ____ _____ |
urine, feces, anal sac secretions |
scents emitted by cats= _____, ____, _____
|
urine, feces, scent glands |
cats- use scent to ____ ____, have scent glands ___ ,____ ,____ and _____ |
mark territory, under chin, at corners of mouth, on side of forehead, and between toes |
injestive behavior is ____ and ____ |
eating, drinking |
first injestive behavior is ______ |
suckling |
grass eating is |
normal |
coprophagy= eating |
feces |
coprophagy is |
not normal, apply bitter substance to correct |
elimination behavior- can train kittens and puppies at ___ weeks of age |
5 |
follow walking, eating/ drinking, and take to elimination site, afterwards ____ is reward |
play |
agonistic behavior= |
fighting |
behavioral modification= ____ ____ of desired behavior, ___ ____ of undesired behavior |
postivie reinforcement, negative reinforcement |
identify the problem- owners should be asked to ___ |
state the problem in their own words |
determine history of the problem- question the owner about ___ ____ |
eliciting stimuli |
recommend treatment- ___ or ___ the problem |
solve, manage |
may require an __ _____ |
animal behaviorist |
educate the owner about ___ ____ of pet, about ___ behaviors |
social structure, normal |
common behavioral problems- |
hyperactivity, inappropriate elimination, aggression, xenophobia, agoraphobia, excessive barking,... |
xenophobia= |
fear of new things from lack of socialization |
agoraphobia= |
fear of open spaces, "kennelosis" |
coprophagy= |
eating of feces |
separation anxiety examples |
inappropriate elimination, excessive voalization, destructive chewing and digging, trembling,... |
diagnostics- imaging= utrasonography= image produced using ultrasound is called |
sonogram |
uses ___ ____ |
sound waves |
image displayed on monitor in real time, allows vizualization of ____ or ____ |
beating heart, fetal movement |
safe for _____ and ____ |
personnel, patient |
no ____ required |
sedation |
ultrasound waves penetrate _____ ____, not bones or gas |
soft tissue |
echocardiology- used to diagnose abnormalities in __ ____ or _____ |
heart size, chambers |
new machines have _____- measures flow |
Doppler |
can be used to diagnose ____ |
pregnancy |
magnetic resonance imaging- uses _____ and ____ energy to produce an image |
magnetic fields, radio waves |
expensive equipment= only in a few |
animal hospitals |
animal must remain _____, ___ ____ required |
motionless, general anesthesia |
images are ___ ___ of body parts |
cross sections |
can disinguish ____ ____ |
soft tissue |
endoscopy- use of long, narrow tubes containing ___ _____ |
fiber optics |
images go to a ____ ____ ___ |
camera projection screen |
nonsurgical method of viewing ___ ____ |
internal surfaces of the body |
used to diagnose ___ ____ |
many problems |
wide variety of endoscopes availiable |
rigid, flexible, biopsy instrument, brushes to obtain cell samples, grabbing instrument to... |
treatments- injections= good because |
you know it's in the animal |
subcutaneous (sc)= |
slowest |
intramuscular (im)= |
medium |
intravenous (iv)= |
fastest |
Aggieland pets with a purpose= |
therapy animals |
canine good citizenship certificate for |
socialization |
REVIEW NOTES ON BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS |
read scenarios on behavior problems |
Diagnostics- radiographs- xrays make |
image |
contrasts ____ vs ____ structures |
dense, less dense |
ionizing radiation can |
damage tissues |
most times, animal does not need to be |
anesthetized |
computed axial tomography- CAT/ CT scan, series of _____ assembled by computers |
radiographs |
same tissue contrast and danger as |
radiographs |
animal has to be |
anesthetized |
Treatment- before injecting an animal you should |
not prepare the skin |
Sterility- 1st law- surface has to be |
clean |
2nd- use a disinfectant correctly- appropriate _____ and ____ |
strength and time, 7-8 mins for iodine |
wetting skin with ___ _____ could mobilize dirt and go into the animal with the needle |
70% ethanol |
Animals in Biomedical research- students can do research as _____ and _____ |
student workers and independent study- 491 students |
learn about ongoing research projects on ____ ____ and ___ ____ |
factulty websites, research symposia |
history- 300BC- Egyptian erasistratus used animals to study ___ |
pulse |
200 AD- Greek Claudius Galen learned that |
veins carry blood |
1600 AD- British William Harvey discovered that the heart is |
a pump |
Nobel Prizes in Medicine- about ___ used animal research |
2/3 |
some include 1923 discovery of ___, and others= |
insulin, heart disease, cancer, polio, measles, smallpox, blood transfusion, organ transplant,... |
benefits from animal research- since 1900, average life span in US has increased by ___ years |
30 |
reduced infance mortality= 1935= ___ of live births, 2002= ___ of live births |
6%, 0.7% |
My new research project with dogs- fibroids= tumor called ____, extremely common |
leiomyoma |
found in ___ of women, ____ of dogs
|
uteri, vaginas |
want mechanisms to reduce tumors in dogs ____ not ____ |
medically, surgically |
genes ____ in tumors and ____ in tumors- trying to understand difference between normal and... |
upregulated, downregulated |
Animal rights and welfare- animal use by people has occured for |
thousands of years |
most people accept current role of animals for |
food and clothing, research, pets |
some people have moral/ ethical objection to |
animal use |
people against animal research- antivivisectionsists- for ___ years in Europe |
300 |
US national antivivisection society- all animal research is |
unnecessary |
only stupid scientists cannot predict the outcome without _____ ____, many studies are _____ |
animal testing, repetitive |
everything is ____ and ____ |
chemistry, physics |
product testing in animals is not ____ and not ___ |
necessary, required by law |
animals used in education can be replaced by ____ _____ |
virtual dissections |
animal rights movement- 1970s book ___ _____ |
Animal Liberation- a new ethic for treatment of animals |
opposed people's _____, related to a prejudice like sexism and racism |
use of animals |
PETA- people for the ethical treatment of animals- radical group wanting |
no animal use, no animal product use, no pet ownership |
a pig is a dog is a |
boy |
all animals should be |
returned to nature |
raise money and primarily attack ___ and ____, now attack _____ |
research, farms, scientists and their families |
Animal welfare- morally acceptable to |
use animals |
animals should be cared for in ___ and ____ |
body and mind, physically and mentally |
USDA animal welfare act of ___= federal gov controls animal research |
1966 |
who is right? animal rights or animal welfare? |
mix of both, end justfies the means, depends on individual level of tolerance |
biomedical research is performed on a variety of animals, primarily ___ and ___, focused on... |
mice, rats, human and animal |
need for medical advances will drive biomed research- will continue to use animals while ___... |
reducing, refining, replacing |
animal rights and animal welfare will drive lots of attention on ___ of research animals |
quality of life |
Unwanted companion animals- result of two problems= |
there are too many animals, release by pet owners |
myths about allowing dogs and cats to reproduce= |
making money, miracle of birth, recreating a pet, raising a litter is fun, my pet's life... |
one pair of cats could produce ______ cats in 8 years
|
2 million |
population control- _____ all animals adopted from shelters |
spay/ neuter |
encourage ____ of all other animals with programs to reduce costs |
spay/ neuter |
develop ___ ____ sterilization techniques |
non surgical |
contraception- GnRH agonist implants- works for |
1 year |
canine GNRH vaccine- works for ____ years |
2.5 |
neutersol- intratesticular injection in pups age __-___ months |
3-10 |
androgen injections to bitches to suppress cycles- used in |
working and racing dogs |
unwanted= |
once owned, now abandoned |
uncontrolled= |
owned animals that are free-roaming |
stray= |
rejected or lost animals that are free roaming |
feral= |
those that do not tolerate human touch |
who will solve the problem of unwanted companion animals?- |
human societies, animal shelters, rescue groups, gov agencies, an educated public, veterinarians |
animal shelters= regular- provide ___ ___ vs no kill |
animal control |
regular shelters will accpet ___ ____ |
any animal, including wildlife |
no kill shelters- only accept ____ animals, only |
so many, certain animals |
Adoption programs- animal rescue organizations are |
breed specific |
take unwanted ___ animals from ___ and ___ |
purebred, owners, shelters |
place animal in _____ util new home is found |
foster home |
unwanted animals create problems- public health problems are |
bites, zoonosis |
___ million bites per year |
5 |
____ are postal wokers |
30k |
over __% from dogs |
90 |
1 million bite cases required medical treatment= ____$ |
100 million |
zoonotic disease in free-roaming dogs and cats includes |
rabies, roundworms, hookworms, toxoplasmosis, fleas, ticks |
safety on roads- avoiding animals causes |
wrecks |
Euthanaisia means |
good or easy death |
must be ___ and ____, must be done by |
dignified, human, well trained professional |
current solution for |
unwanted animal problem |
____ million animals euthanized every year |
3-4 |
horse sanctuaries- american horse slaughter prevention act has caused |
horse slaughter plants to be shut down, were regulated by USDA |
big problem- keeping horses and euthanizing is |
costly |
Careers with companion animals- veterinarian career- educational requirements and expense=... |
4, 180k |
veterinarians work |
in private practice, teaching and research, regulatory medicine, public health, and military... |
regulatory medicine= ___, ___, and ____ |
food safety and inspection, product testing, and inspect all animal research |
public health- ____, _____ |
epidemiologists, center for disease control |
military service- |
halt the spread of disease and bioterrorism |
first year employment and starting salaries of 2008- large animal= ___, mixed=____, small animal=____,... |
62k, 58k, 64k, 41k, 63k, 27k |
ave salary= |
70-80k |
hours are long= ___-___ hours per week (emergency duty) |
45-60 |
daily activities- ____, ____, and ____ |
taking care of animals, communicating with client/owners, running the practice |
running the practice= |
billing, managing employees, ordering supplies, taking care of the building equipment |
job demand is _____, job security is ______, job satisfaction is _______ |
increasing, good, high |
teaching and research veterinarians ___, ____, and ____ |
teach students, conduct research, and instruct and develop continuing education |
regulatory medicine- organization is |
USDA |
primary jobs are to ____, ____, and _____ |
quarantine and inspect animals, monitor new vaccines, and enforce laws for humane treatment... |
military service- protect against _____, _______ |
bioterrorism, food safety and care of gov owned animals |
public health- ______ for gov agencies, ensure _______, FDA vets evaluate |
epidemiologists, safety of food, medicines and food additives |
other veterinary careers |
zoo medicine, aquatic animal medicine, aerospace medicine, animal shelter medicine, sports... |
veterinary technician- do the work of |
veterinarian |
cannot ___ or ____ |
diagnose, perscribe |
___ yr degree |
2 |
____ hour week plus |
40 |
salary is ____k |
25 |
job satisfaction is |
good |
educated to assist |
physical examinations and patient history, client education, dental hygiene, vaccines/ medications,... |
dog trainer- varried _____ requirements |
educational |
specific training programs- _____ ____ college, ___ ____ college, college of ____ _____ |
animal behavior, animal care, animal welfare |
___-___k per year |
13-40 |
long hours but |
could be flexible |
pet behaviorist- graduate degree in |
psychology |
___-___k per year |
35-90 |
wide range of _______ _____ |
problems adressed |
dog groomer- ____ week course for ___k or apprenticeship |
12, 4 |
___k per year, more if you own business |
25 |
demand ____ as pet ownership____ |
increasing, increases |
job satisfaction is _____ |
good |
animal control officer- ____ law enforcement |
humane |
protect animals from ___ and people from |
abuse, potentially dangerous animals and loose animals |
education requirements- |
high school diploma, extensive animal experience, training course and certification |
___k per year |
40 |
demand is great in |
cities |
pet store manager- education requirements |
high school diploma and in-store training |
___k per year |
57 |
___-____ hours per week |
40-50 |
more stores being opened so manages are |
needed |
adoption counselor- education requirements |
no degree required |
can take shelter pets to |
pet stores |
___ hours per week |
40 |
___k per year |
13 |
job is |
in demand |
massage therapist- attend massage therapy school for ___k and do ___ hours of practice |
2, 300 |
can do ___ massages a week for __-___ each |
25, 50-120 |
consult with owner then |
massage the pet |
____ licensed pet massagers |
250,000 |
animal physical therapist- undergrad then ___ yr masters |
3 |
____k per year |
36 |
most animals come ____ a week for 1 hour for ___-___ weeks |
twice, 6-8 |
field is ____ growing |
rapidly |
many professions provide opportunities to _____ lives of pets |
improve |
POLICE DOGS |
police dogs |
dogs from _____ |
holland |
police department has had program for ___ yrs |
10 |