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GEOG 1000: CHAPTER 8
Genetic Engineering
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The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
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Scientific revolution in agriculture
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The continuing application of science to agriculture
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Green Revolution
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Focused effort to increase food production
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Agricultural Imputs
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All factors that go into growing and harvesting crops
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Subsistence Agriculture
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Agriculture to feed oneself and family
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Commercial Agriculture
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Growing food and raising animal production for sale
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Polyculture
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The raising of a variety of crops, may yield to monoculture
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Monoculture
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Specialized production of one crop
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Economies of scale
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Occur when one can achieve greater earnings per unit produced only by expanding the number of units produced
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Swidden
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Singe/ Slash and Burn
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Double Cropping
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Two rice crops can be harvested per year from one field
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Land Reform
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The redistribution of large land-holdings such as plantations to poor would-be farmers
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Value added by manufacturing
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Adding value to raw materials produces wealth
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Downstream activities
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The economic activities closer to the consumers
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Psychological value-added
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Adding to the sale price of an object not by increasing its actual functionality or usefulness but by increasing its price through design, packaging, or "status" adverising
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Fishery
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An area where certain kinds of fishing or fish farming are used to yield certain species
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Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
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It controls both mining and fishing rights
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Aquaculture
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Involves herding or domesticating aquatic animals
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Hunger
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A deficiency in any or all of the basic requirements; shorter or chronic
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malnorished
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When s/he has too few or too many nutrients
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Undernourished
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When hunger physically affects the person, often making it difficult for the body to function properly, especially in fighting infections
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