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Test 3: ANSC 107
the sows oviducts (fallopian tubes) are how long? |
3-4 feet |
cervix |
thick wall extension of uterus, passagwayt for sperm, passageway of fetus, species specific (shape) |
the cervix excretes mucos to seal off during pregnacy, what it this plug called? |
cervical plug |
How many annular rings does a cow have? |
4-5 |
Is the mare cervix flacid or hard? |
flacid |
the sow cervix has |
interdigitating pads |
Sperm are deposited in the vagina in the |
cow and ewe |
Sperm are deposited in the uterus in the |
sow and mare |
the long strands of mucos during estrous serve as |
sperm super highway and to store sperm |
what type of penis does the stallion have |
vascular penis |
the boar has a |
corkscrew penis, which fits into cervix and produces 300-400ml of semen |
cervix functions as a (2) |
barrier to sperm: mucos and anatomy of cervix acts as sperm filer in cow and ewe reservior for sperm: sperm enter crypts which serve as a favorable environment, majority of sperm 90% are lost through the vagina |
cervix functions as a cont. (2) |
blocking bacterial invasion during pregnacy: mucos highly cross linked and cervix constricts Leukocytespresent to kill bacteria, birth canal: cervical plug liquifies and cervix dialates to permit fetal expulsion at parturition |
uterus involves (4) |
womb, aids in travel of sperm (contractions) secretory organ, has two horns or branches |
oviduct serves as |
site of fertilization, AIJ (ampullary isthmic junction) makes zygote |
how many days does it take for ovum to travel down to uterus? |
3-5 days |
Ovary |
produces female gamete, larges single cell in body |
Follicle |
blister like structure on ovary that contains ovum and hormone rich fluid |
A mature follicle is called |
graffian, when it lyse and releases egg |
a continuous Corpus Luteum is |
false pregnacy, continuous heat or estrous |
Broad ligament |
suspensory support for repro tract |
this structure catches ovum after ovulation |
infundibulum, funnel shaped |
corpus luteum: CL |
"yellow body" forms after ovulation, produces progesterone |
Corpus Albicans: CA |
"white body", regressed corpus luteum |
Functions of the male sex system (2) |
produce and maintain sperm supply (daily basis), detect females in estrus using pheremones |
spermatic cord contains (3) |
contains vans deferens, pampiniform plexus, externam cremaster muscle nerves |
vas deferenes |
transports sperm |
seminiferous tubule |
produces sperm |
maturation of spermatozoa |
corpus (body) epididymis |
final maturation and storage, the only sperm capable of fertilization |
Cauda Epididymis |
stage where drop on tail and head of sperm start to come off |
cauda (tail) epididymis |
connective tissue that holds testis together |
tunica albuginea, tough white covering |
caput (head) epididymus |
maturation os spermazoa, fluid absorption |
Order in which sperm mature |
Caput, Corpus, Cauda |
study figure on 189 |
study figure on 189 |
Sertoli Cells |
support spermatogenesis (FSH hormone -sperm) |
Leydig Cells |
testosterone synthesis (LH hormone- testosterone) |
Order of which sperm cells evolve |
Spermatogonia, Spermatid, Spermatozoa |
What cells produce testosterone? |
Leydig cells |
What temperature do testis need to be kept at |
3-5*C below body temp |
Scrotum properties that facilitate thermoregulation (4) |
Location of testis outside of body for air circulation, low insulation of scrotum (fat, hair, thin skin), richly endowed sweat glands, tunica dartos muscle which changes thickness |
pampiniform plexus |
artery surrounded by network of viens cools blood coming from body |
how much does the temp decrease before blood entering testes |
4*C or 8*F |
when both testes have not descended |
bilateral cryptorchidism (sterile) |
when one testes descendes |
unilateral cryptorchidism (fertile) |
cryptorchidism is common in |
boars and stallions because testis descent occurs late |
cauda (2) |
only 1/2 sperm priduced make it to this point, fours days of testicular sperm is stored in cauda |
volume of sperm in sheep and swine |
.8ml goats, 225-400ml swine |
sperm concentration in billions for sheep and swine |
3billion, 45 billion |
the boars testicles are held |
on back side of butt area |
the s shaped muscle holding penis in |
symoid flexture |
order of egg development once fertalized |
zygote, morula, blastocyte |
process of giving birth |
parturition |
colostrum |
first milk within 24 hours, high in protien, vitamin, mineral, and antibody concentrates |
what condition has effect on reproductive function |
environment |
how many ovaries are functional in poultry |
one |
how many eggs are released everyday |
one egg per day |
bird penis is called |
phallus |
milk |
87% water, has tryglycerides, lactose, protien, minerals, and vitamins |
Alveoli |
size of pin head, milk goes in middle, oxytocin makes alveoli squeeze and milk comes out |
lipids in milk |
3.5-4% |
calcium in milk |
76% calcium |
somatotrophin |
milk production, rBST, DMI up 10%, milk production up 10% |
flehmen |
lip curling |
Vomeronasal Organ |
draws odor in by curling lips, can detect sexual readiness |
dicromids |
most mammals cant see red, shows up as other color |
percents of using boar odor and not to see if sow is in estrus |
50% without odor, 80% with odor |
tonic immobility |
chicken with head under wing |
disease |
any state other than complete health |
pathology |
study of the essential nature of diseases |
etiology |
cause of the disease or study of causes of disease |
resistance |
defense system against disease |
what could predispose animals to getting a disease faster? (3) |
environment (like cows in really muddy conditions), poor nutrition, insects like arthropods |
clinical or subclinical infection |
disease that is infectious in nature |
acute disease |
have a sudden onset of clinical signs and a short duration of illness |
chronic disease |
symptoms that develope slowly over a period of weeks or months |
diagnostician |
a person with expertise in diagnosing a disease |
herd or flock management program includes (4) |
management, nutrition, genetics, prevention |