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PSYC 3023: TEST 1
what is a psychological disorder?
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some psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response
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T or F: almost every mental illness is a more exaggerated or intense reaction that anyone would have under normal circumstances
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true
*it depends on intensity and duration
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3 criteria for defining psychological abnormality?
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dysfunction
distress
deviance
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3 criteria for defining psychological abnormality:
deviance
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behavior that's not normal/acceptable--most people with mental illnesses can't be distinguished from normal crowd---can't just look and point them out
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out of the 3 criteria for defining psychological abnormality, which is the most important?
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dysfunction, because it is directly tied to mental illness
*OCD = psychological dysfunction
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T or F: everyone experiences the distress stage in defining psychological abnormality
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false
some people don't experience this stage at all---ex: sociopath, they lack a consciousness, so they don't feel distress or remorse from their actions bc they just dont care
another example is schizophrenia---not distressed bc the voices in their head are normal to them
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T or F: there is a cure for mental illness
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false
no such thing as a cure, but it can be treated so you can learn to function normally
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difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists?
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psychiatrists---went to medical school, have specialized training, and treat their patients with medication
clinical psychologists---nonmedical professional, went to grad school/majored in psychology, understand the causes and how to treat the illnesses/disorders, and they treat their patients with talk therapy
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3 parts that come with being a health care professional:
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consumer of science
evaluator of science
creator of science
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3 parts that come with being a health care professional:
consumer of science
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even though they are licensed, the science of psychology is always changing, so they take classes to understand the new discoveries on the subject
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3 parts that come with being a health care professional:
evaluator of science
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set up scales to measure where functioning is at the beginning of the treatment and again after (ex: 1-10 scale of how happy you are feeling---asked to rate on first day and the again towards the end of treatment)
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3 parts that come with being a health care professional:
creator of science
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does research for research's sake---will possibly stop seeing patients and just focus on their research
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what is the term of the number of new cases that occur over the course of a year?
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incidence
(ex: incidence of eating disorders have increased each year since the 60s---becoming more common and problematic---only 1%, but still a lot higher than it used to be)
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what is the term for the number of people who have the disorder right now/today as a whole?
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prevalence
ex: depression, anxiety---life-time prevalence---chance of developing a disorder throughout a lifetime---1 in 2 people develop a diagnostic disorder or condition
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what is the scientific term for cause?
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etiology
explanation and understanding of causes of mental illness (environmental, social, etc.)---no one symptom of a mental illness has one single cause---multiple things combine to form these illnesses
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what is the scientific term for "labeling" those with a disorder by a licensed psychiatrist?
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diagnosis
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what is a presenting problem?
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the reason the person comes to see a psychologist or psychiatrist
ex: not "I think I have PTSD" more along the lines of "my wife will leave me if I don't fix something"---the patient recognizes that they are "mad," but not they have a mental disorder or problem
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3 most common reasons people go to therapy?
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1. people close to you tell you to seek help
2. boss tells you to go for the sake of your job
3. court orders
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what is acute onset?
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a disorder that occurs suddenly---over a period of a few weeks, like anxiety or depression
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what is insidious onset?
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a disorder that takes a long time (2-3 years) to develop
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is acute onset or insidious onset easier to treat?
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acute
it's more treatable, less severe mental illnesses can be treated easily (ex: depression)---insidious is less treatable, more severe to treat (ex: alcoholism and schizophrenia)
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why do people with schizophrenia believe their hallucinations?
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bc of insidious onset---their hallucinations are real to them it gradually happens over a long period of time, and they slowly begin to accept them---they don't just wake up one day with full on hallucinations
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what is a pattern of a disorder over time?
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course
there are 3 types
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the 3 types of course?
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chronic
episodic
time-limited
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what is episodic course?
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means in comes and goes---most form of anxiety and depression are episodic---major depression can go away 6-9 months, but most people become suicidal after 2 months
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what is a time-limited course?
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a condition can just sow up, but then it will just go away and never come back
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what is a forecast about the future of an illness for an individual---particularly how the patient will adjust with these symptoms into normal functioning/how they will respond to treatment?
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prognosis
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what is supernatural tradition?
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belief that a mental illness is demonic possession or being spiritually "punished" for a sin or wrong doing---most mental illnesses were dealt with by exorcisms
belief that if you were possessed by a demon, you did something to deserve it
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where does the term lunatic come from?
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400 years ago, people used astrologic signs and the position of the moon and stars to determine if you'd be crazy or not
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T or F: Freud believed that only women could develop mental illnesses
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true
he believed it was bc women were weak-minded and men are "holier" and closer to God, so men couldn't develop illnesses
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what is biological tradition?
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based on the idea that instead of external forces (moon, devil, etc.) something INTERNAL is causing this problems
the good thing that came from this tradition is that people began to realize that people with mental illnesses are not in control/not responsible for their disease---also believed people shouldn't be punished for these illnesses either
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T or F: Hippocrates came up with the term hysteria
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true
he believed mental illnesses were unique only to women, so his explanation was that women weren't getting married and having babies when they were suppose to, so hysteria literally means "wandering uterus"---belief that if you didnt have children when you had period/body ready, your uterus literally wanders around your body making you crazy
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what is the biochemical theory?
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belief that mental illness was due to imbalance to the basic humors (body fluids)---blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm
chemical imbalance part was correct, but the idea of the fluids was wrong
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what are the 4 basic humors (body fluids) based on the biochemical theory?
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blood
black bile
yellow bile
phlegm
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who discovered the germ theory of disease?
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Louis Pasteur---had no microscopes, just ideas---theorized that little organisms can cause disease/infection
life expectancy was around 30 years, but after his discovery, it went up to 50 years
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what is syphilis?
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STD that causes pus-filled sores on genitals---one of leading causes of blindness bc the bacteria from the STD can get all over your body and get into your eyes---can also get to your brain causing general paresis (now called schizophrenia)
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what is general paresis?
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aka schizophrenia---this is a side effect of syphilis---20-30 years of untreated syphilis can lead to general paresis---Al Capone died of this---he was known for very violent behavior which is a side effect
antibiotics can help up to a certain point---very uncommon for bacteria to cause mental illnesses
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