COM 112: CHAPTER 2
33 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
perception
|
the process of using our senses to understand and respond to stimuli. This process occurs in four stages: attending and selecting, organizing, interpreting, and retrieving
|
|
Attending and selecting
|
the first stage in the perception process, requiring us to use our visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory senses to respond to stimuli in out interpersonal environment
|
|
mindful
|
having the ability to engage our senses so that we are observant and aware of our surroundings
|
|
selective perception
|
directing our attention to certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli
|
|
organizing
|
the second stage of the perception process, in which we place what are often a number of confusing pieces of information into a understandable, accessible, and orderly arrangement
|
|
relational schema
|
a mental framework or memory structure that we rely on to understand experience and to guide our future behavior in relationships
|
|
stereotyping
|
categorizing individuals according to a fixed impression, whether positive or negative, of an entire group to which they belong
|
|
interpreting
|
the third stage of the perception process, in which we assign meaning to what we perceive
|
|
retrieving
|
the fourth and final stage of the perception process, in which we recall information stored in our memories
|
|
selective retention
|
recalling information that agrees with our perceptions and selectively forgetting information that does not
|
|
sex
|
the biological makeup of an individual (male/female)
|
|
gender
|
the learned behaviors a culture associates with being a male or female, known as masculinity and femininity
|
|
gender role socialization
|
the process by which women and men learn the gender roles appropriate to their sex. this process affects the way the sexes perceive the world
|
|
gender schema
|
a mental framework we use to process and categorize beliefs, ideas, and events as either masculine or feminine in order to understand and organize the world
|
|
self-concept
|
a relatively stable set of perceptions we hold of ourselves
|
|
symbolic interactionism theory
|
the theory that our understanding of ourselves and of the world is shaped by our interactions with those around us
|
|
self-awareness
|
our understanding of who we are
|
|
self-esteem
|
an evaluation of who we perceive ourselves to be
|
|
self-fulfilling prophecy
|
a prediction or explanation about our future behavior that is likely to come true because we believe it and thus act in ways that make it come true
|
|
identity management theory
|
the theory that explain the manner in which you handle your"self" in various circumstances; includes competency, identity, and face
|
|
face
|
the image of the self we choose to present to others in our interpersonal encounters
|
|
positive face
|
our desire to be liked by significant people in our lives and have them confirm our beliefs, respect our abilities, and value what we value
|
|
negative face
|
our desire that others refrain from imposing their will on us, respect our individuality and our uniqueness, and avoid interfering with our actions or beliefs
|
|
self-monitoring
|
actively thinking about and controlling our public behaviors and actions
|
|
implicit personality theory
|
the theory that we rely on a set of a few characteristics to draw inferences about others and use those inferences as the basis of our communication with them
|
|
halo effect
|
matching like qualities with each other to create an overall perception of someone or somethign
|
|
positive halo
|
occurs when we place positive qualities together
|
|
negative halo
|
occurs when we group negative qualities together
|
|
attribution theory
|
a theory that explains how we create explanations or attach meaning to another person's behavior or our own
|
|
worldview
|
a unique personal frame for viewing life and life's events
|
|
fact
|
a piece of information that is verifiable by direct observation
|
|
inference
|
a conclusion derived from a fact, but it does not reflect direct observation or experience
|
|
relational uppers
|
people who support and trust us as we improve our self-concept
|
COM 112: CHAPTER 8