69 Cards in this Set
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excitability
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outside stimuli can initiate electrical changes in the muscle fiber (cell) leading to contraction of that muscle fiber (cell)
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contractility
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stimulation of the muscle fiber can lead to contraction or shortening of the muscle fiber
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elasticity
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a muscle fiber's ability to return to its original length when the tension of contraction is released
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extensibility
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the ability of a muscle fiber to be stretched beyond its relaxed length
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cardiac muscle fibers
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found almost exclusively within the heart wall
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cardiac muscle fibers
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striated
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cardiac muscle fibers
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one or two nuclei
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cardiac muscle fibers
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form y-shaped branches
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cardiac muscle fibers
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join other adjacent cells to form junctions termed intercalated discs
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cardiac muscle fibers
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autorhythmic
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cardiac muscle fiber
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under involuntary control
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cardiac muscle fibers
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contraction causes movement of blood
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smooth muscle fibers
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found in the walls of viscera
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smooth muscle fibers
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short fusiform cells
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smooth muscle fibers
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one centrally located nucleus
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smooth muscle fibers
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no striations
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smooth muscle fibers
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thin filaments attached to dense bodies
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smooth muscle fibers
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under involuntary control
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smooth muscle fibers
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contraction causes movement of blood and food
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skeletal muscle tissue
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comprises 40-50% of our body weight
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skeletal muscle
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considered an organ because it contains and is contracted of all four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues
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skeletal muscle
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muscle fiber are striated when observed under a microscope
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body movement
maintenance of posture
temperature regulation
storage and movement of materials
support
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functions of skeletal muscle tissue
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muscle
fascicles
muscle fiber
myofibrils
myofilaments
*actin
*myosin
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order of skeletal muscle structural organization
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muscle
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comprised of muscle fibers
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fasicles
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muscle fiber bundles
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muscle fibers
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contain myofibrils
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myofibrils
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composed of myofilaments
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myofilaments
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composed of actin and myosin
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endomysium
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innermost layer that surrounds and electrically insulates each muscle fiber
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perimysium
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surrounds individual fascicles
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epimysium
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surrounds the entire muscle
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deep and superficial fascia
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surround each muscle and separate muscles
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tendon
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attaches muscle to bone
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tendon
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cordlike appearance, sometimes are flat and called aponeurosis
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joint
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most muscles extend over a ___, having attachments to both articulating bones of that ____
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contraction
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upon ____ contraction of the muscle, one of the articulating bones moves out and the other one does not
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origin
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point of attachment to bone that doe snot move
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insertion
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point of attachment to the bone that does move
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muscles
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can contract and relax
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muscles
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pull on bones, they do not push
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muscle
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if crossing a joint, it has the ability to control the joint (stabilize or provide movement)
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resistance, speed, length
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3 factors that determine the type of muscular contraction classification
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isometric muscle contraction
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resistance can change, speed same, length same, no movement
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isotonic muscle contraction
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resistance same, speed changes, length changes, movement occurs
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concentric
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muscle shortens
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eccentric
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muscle lengthens
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agonist (prime mover)
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produces a specific movement when it contracts.
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antagonist
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a muscle whose action opposes that of an agonist
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synergist
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muscle that assists the agonist or prime mover
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uniarticulate
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crosses 1 joint
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bi/multiarticulate
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crosses 2 or more joints
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more efficient
smoother movements
less complex innervation
less muscle mass needed
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advantages of bi/multiarticulate joints
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muscle atrophy
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wasting of tissue that results in reduction of muscle size, tone, and power. Can be caused by lack of stimulation (exercise) to that muscle
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muscle hypertrophy
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increase in muscle fiber size (not an increase in number of muscle fibers). Results from repetitive stimulation of muscle fibers. Mitochondria increase in number, therefore the amount of ATP increases. Both myofibrils and myofilaments increase in number, all resulting in the muscle increa…
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circular
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fibers arranged concentrically around an opening, function as sphincter
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parallel
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fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle
body of the muscle increases in diameter with contraction
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convergent
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triangular muscle with common attachment
direction of pull can be changed
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pennate
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muscle body has one or more tendon
fascicles at oblique angle to tendon
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unipennate
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all muscle fibers on same side of tendon
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bipennate
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muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon
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multipennate
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tendon branches within the muscle
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tendon
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where muscle turns into connective tissue and attaches to bone
connects muscle to bone
causes movement
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ligament
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tough cartilage binding one bone to another, resists outside forces
connects bone to bone
prevents movement
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fascia
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connective tissue between muscles
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retinaculum
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cartilage holding tendons in place
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minisci
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cartilage padding reducing friction between two bones
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labrum
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ring of fibrocartilage which deepens a skeletal joint
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bursae
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sac filled with synovial fluid at synovial joint, facilitates muscle/joint action
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ATTR 210: U2C1