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Government
the institution and procedures through which a territory or people are ruled
Autocracy
government controlled by 1 person processes unlimited power/ a monarch or a dictator
oligarchies
gov in which a small group/ landowners/military officers / or wealthy merchants control most of gov decisions.
direct democracy
all citizens vote directly on laws or policies .
political culture
Political culture is the traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy. consensus values in American values in politics
liberty
freedom from gov control and economic freedom.
articles of confederation
1st written constitution limited the power of N/central gov no executive branch laws left to ind states each state had one vote-popl didnt matter central gov based in congress
new jersey plan
proposed by william patterson = representation in N gov regardless of population -concentrated in the weakness of articles of conf. -supported by small states
virginia plan
representation according to population or each states revenue contribution to the N gov. supp by large states proposed 2nd branch of leg
great compromise
The Connecticut Compromise, also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise, was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have u…
3/5 compromise
a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United Stat…
bicameralism
congress divided in 2 chambers : house and senate
judicial review
Judicial review is the doctrine in democratic theory under which legislative and executive action is subject to invalidation by the judiciary. Power of the courts to rule on the constitutionality of actions of the ligst and executive branches or states
supremacy clause
The Supremacy Clause is a clause in the United States Constitution, Article VI, Clause 2. The clause establishes the Constitution, Federal Statutes, and U.S. laws passed by n gov and all treaties shall be the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adopted by states - -officials…
implied powers
"Implied powers" are powers not given to the government directly through the Constitution, but are implied. article 1sec 8 enables congress to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution
expressed powers
he enumerated powers are a list of nonspecific responsibilities found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution, which iterates the authority granted to the United States Congress. specifically granted to congress in the constitution, to n gov and reserving the rest to the…
double jeopardy
Double jeopardy is a procedural defense that forbids a defendant from being tried twice for the same crime on the same set of facts. polko vs Connecticut
the second amendment
The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects a right to keep and bear arms. brady bill
concurrent powers
concurrent powers are held by both the states and the federal government and may be exercised simultaneously within the same. -N gov: regulate commerce, affect currency,charters, licenses
reserve powers
a reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch of the government. police powers, ( the power to regulate health and safety)
full faith and credit clause
, the familiar name used to refer to Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings" of other states.
necessary and proper clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause (also known as the Elastic Clause, the Basket Clause, the Coefficient Clause, and the Sweeping Clause) is the provision in Article One of the United States Constitution, section 8, clause 18:
southern manifesto
The Southern Manifesto was a document written in February-March 1956 by legislators in the United States Congress opposed to racial integration in public places.
devolution
New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or of transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government to the states. conservatives, programs are removed from 1 level of gov like n to state
selective incorporation
(of the Bill of Rights) is the American legal doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights are applied to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
alien and sedition act
makes it a crime to say or publish anything that might defame the gov
speech plus
speech accompanied by conduct or physical activity such as sit ins, picketing.

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