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What are the four basic types of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatic hydrocarbons
How many bonds do alkanes have in between their carbons?
One bond
Are alkanes saturated with hydrogens or not?
Saturated
What are alkanes bond angle, geometry, and hybrid orbital set?
109.5 Tetrahedral sp3
What types of bonds are in alkanes?
Sigma bonds only
What is the prefix for an organic compound with one carbon?
meth
What is the prefix for an organic compound with two carbons?
eth
What is the prefix for an organic compound with three carbons?
prop
What is the prefix for an organic compound with four carbons?
but
What is the prefix for an organic compound with five carbons?
pent
What is the prefix for an organic compound with six carbons?
hex
What is the prefix for an organic compound with seven carbons?
hept
What is the prefix for an organic compound with eight carbons?
oct
What is the prefix for an organic compound with nine carbons?
non
What is the prefix for an organic compound with ten carbons?
dec
What is the formula for methyl?
CH3
What is the formula for ethyl?
CH3CH2
What is the formula for propyl?
CH3CH2CH2
What is the formula for butyl?
CH3CH2CH2CH2
What does isopropyl look like?
It is a CH that has two (CH3)s attached to it
What does tert-butyl look like?
It is a carbon with 3 (CH3)s attached to it
When naming an organic compound, where do you start numbering the chain?
From the end nearest the first substituent encountered
What do you do if there is more than one substituent in a compound?
List them alphabetically
What is cycloalkane?
A ringed carbon structure
Which cycloalkane rings are most stable?
Five and six membered rings
How many bonds are between the carbons in an alkene?
At least one carbon--carbon double bond
Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated with hydrogens?
unsaturated
Which can rotate, a double bond, triple bond, or a single bond?
Single bond
What type of bonds form between the carbons in an alkene?
In the carbons with double bonds between them, there is one pi bond and one sigma bond. In all the others with just one bond, they are all sigma bonds
What is the name for an alkene with the carbons in the chain on the same side of the molecule?
cis-
What is the name for an alkene with the carbons in the chain on opposite sides of the molecule?
trans
How many bonds do alkynes contain between their carbon atoms?
At least one carbon--carbon triple bond
What is the geometry of an alkyne?
sp
Are alkynes saturated or unsaturated with hydrogens?
Unsaturated
What are the features of an aromatic hydrocarbon?
-there's a p orbital on each atom, forming pi bonds -the molecule is planar -the pi electrons are delocalized -there is an odd number of electron pairs in the pi system
What do alcohols contain?
One or more hydroxyl groups
What do ethers contain?
Two hydrocarbon groups bonded to one oxygen
What type of bond do carbonyl compounds contain?
Carbon---oxygen double bond
What are some of the classes of carbonyl compounds?
Amides Aldehydes Carboxylic acid Ester Ketone
What type of bond must an aldehyde contain?
One hydrogen attached to carbonyl carbon
What type of bond must a ketone contain?
Two carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon
What type of bond must a carboxylic acid contain?
hydroxyl group bonded to the carbonyl group
In esters, what is the hydrogen atom of a carboxylic acid replaced with?
A carbon containing group
In amides, what is the OH of a carboxylic acid replaced with?
NR2 R can be hydrogen or carbon containing group
What is the general formula for an amine?
R3N N can be hydrogen or the carbon containing group

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