44 Cards in this Set
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What is a J and W
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J is a measure of energy
W is a measure of time and energy so a J/s
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When is the equinox and what is it?
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Equinox is 12 hours of sun and 12 hours of dark
-Occurs twice a year in March and September (22nd)
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What is the Solstis?
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Solstis 24 hours of light and dark in the poles occurs June and Dec 21st
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Abiotic Cooling
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Taking a fixed mass of air and changing the temperature
- Condensing= heating
-Expanding= Cooling
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VPD
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Vapor pressure defect
- When it is high water loss due to evaporation is high as well
- VPD= Amount H2O in the air - Amount of H20 the air can hold
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Conduction
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touching something hotter or colder
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Convection
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something hotter of colder moving by
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Radiation
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shine of everything in the universe
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Phase change
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water evaporating and condensing
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What is meant by a once in a century storm
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37%, because this is 99% raised to the 100th power
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Greenhouse
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The ____________ effect results from the fact that carbondioxide absorbs infrared radiation and retains heat in the atmosphere
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Greenhouse effect
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Gases absorb
radiation that would be leaving back to space, whichcauses the gases to warm up (like a blanket). The gases keep warming up, emitting longwaveradiation that warms the atmosphere and surface of earth (i.e., the “greenhouse” effect). The atmosphere can’t hold onto infinite amo…
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Why does temperature decline as latitude increases
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Suns rays get scattered due to the elevation but the same amount of sun hits the Earths surface
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Why does water flow uphill in trees?
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Because "up" is "down"
if air is at -250 and the soil is at -2 it will move up the tree to the higher negative number
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Why is it cooler at higher elevations?
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Due to less molecules in the air and less atmospheric pressure
think about abiotic cooling
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Lapse rate
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How much air is heating and cooling per elevation
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What are the three types of Xylem and give sizes
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Tracheids- 3-5mm long (gymnoperms only
Diffuse porous- meium angiosperms but bad in cold environments
Ring Porus- largest (angiosperms) bad in Cold weather
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What are the three main photosynthetic pigments
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Chlorophyl
Cartonoids
Anthocyanins
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Chlorophyl
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primary photosynthetic pigment (absorbs red and blue light
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cartonoids
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absorb mainly blue-green light and reflect yellow, red, and orange.
present all year
temperature sensitive
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Anthocyanins
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absorb yellow and green light and reflect red, pink, purple, and blue
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If a plant is pink/purple what does it mean
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Phosphorous deficient
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If a plant is Inter venial yellow what does this mean?
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low in iron and magnesium
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What derives color change in a plant?
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Chlorophyll pigment breaking down and not being regenerated chartonoids show up and Anthocyanins are produced in larger quantities
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Technique 1 for tree to tolerate cold
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In response to shortening days leaves produce less auxins and more ethylene
this stimulates the production of absission layer and removes leaves
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Technique 2 for cold weather
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Cell membranes become less saturate (spread out)
-concentration of pectins and proteins increases in cell walls to minimize the potential size of ice crystals
- Chemicals move phloem into twigs and stems
-trees withdraw water and accumulate sugar in xylem
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What are the two types of fungai?
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Fungai take C from the plants in return for longer thinner roots
-Arbuscular- loocate inside plant root cells and is most common in grasslands and phosphorous limited tropical forests has low host specificity
Ectomycorrhizae- common in temperature and high- latitude forests main type is…
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Guard cells
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Protects the stomata
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Rubisco
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involved in the 1st stage of carbon fixation
-catalyzes caroxylase reaction between C02 molecule and the carbon compound to produce another c compound and eventually becomes glucose
- it is the most abundant protein in leaves
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Light saturation point
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point where the plant wont photosynthesis anymore it is the point at which no more light energy can be absorbed by the plant
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Light Composition point
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Point where photosynthesis does not lose C02
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can shade tolerant species live in the sun?
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Yes this is due to the life change it has a lower saturation point but may become sun dwelling due to other trees dying out
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Life history
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how the plant grows and changes over time
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Ontology
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how an individual develops over time (matures) from juvenile to adult forms
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Physiology
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Normal functions of living organisms and their parts
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What type of growth does aspen trees have?
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Disiduous
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Angiosperms
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disiduous trees so loose leaves
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Gymnosperms
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cone producing trees
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how much water is in the Earths atmosphere
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about 1 in (25mm) or the amount of water that falls in one day
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How much more radiation in the summer in Fort Collins than the winter?
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about 5X more
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What planet should be in the "sweat spot"
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venus
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What hemisphere has the North side as the cooler side?
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North hemisphere if it was south hemisphere this would be the cool side
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Decomposition, respiration, and fire result in what release from the plants?
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C02 decomposition is just slower
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How can packrat middens identify plants better than pollen
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packrat can do the species where pollen can only do the genus
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F 311: EXAM 1