50 Cards in this Set
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Matter
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Is something that takes up space and has mass
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Experiment
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i san observation of natural phenomena.
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3 Criteria for experiments
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1. Controlled
2. Duplication
3. Conclusions can be made
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Order of Hypothesis, Theory, Law
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1. Hypothesis
2. Theory (Why)
3. Law (How)
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SI Base units for mass, length, time, volume, temperature
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Mass: Kilogram
Length: Meter
Time: Second
Volume: liter
Temperature: K
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Sig Fig Rules
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all non zeros
captive zeros
never leading zeros
tailing zeros if there is a decimal point
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Sig Figs for +/-
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Least significant decimal point
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Sig Fig for division and multiplication
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least number of sig digits
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Accuracy
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How close you are to the true value
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Precision
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Reproducibility
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Temperature
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles
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Equation for Density
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D=M/V
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Two ways to classify matter
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1. Physical Properties
2. Chemical Properties
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Solid
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Rigid, relatively incompressible, and has a fixed shape and volume ,
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Liquid
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Relatively incompressible fluid, has a fixed volume but no shape
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Gas
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Easy to compress fluid
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Physical Properties
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Physical property can be observed without changing a substance into another (boiling point, density, mass etc.)
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Chemical Property
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can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance. rusting, fire,
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Intensive Property
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Does nto matter the amount, the property will not change IE color
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Extensive Properties
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depends on the amount IE mass
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Element
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A substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into something simpler.
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Smallest unit of an element
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atom
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Compound
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a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
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Smalled unit of compound
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molecule
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Mixture
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A substance that can be separated by physical means (IE boiling)
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Heterogenous Substance
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substance that is not uniform
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Homogeneous Substance
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A substance that is uniform throughout
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Law of the Conservation of Mass
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During a chemical reaction, matter can not be created or destroyed, only change forms.
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Law of Definite Proportions
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A given compound always contains exactly the same proportions of elements
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Charges of Subatomic particles and size
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biggest Neutron (no charge)
Proton (+)
Electron (-)
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Atomic Number
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All atoms of the same element have the same about of protons, the period table is organized by this number
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Atomic Mass
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number of protons+number of neutrons not a whole number because of isotopes
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element which have different numbers of neutrons
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Molecule
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Group of atoms chemically bound together
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Molecular Formula
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gives the exact number of atoms of elements in a molecule
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Structural Formula
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Shows how the atoms are bonded together in a molecule
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Ion
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electrically charged particle that has either lost or gained an electron
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Ionic Compound
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formed from ions
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Period/Group
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period: horizontal row
Group: vertical row
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What elements have similar chemical properties (in relation to the period table of elements)
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IN the same group
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1A, 2A, 7A, 8A
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1A- Alkali metals
2A Alkali earth metals
7A Halogens
8A Nobel gases
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What charge does group 1A have
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+1
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Where are nonmetals on the periodic table
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right side
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Metal
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ductile, conduct, shinny
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Nonmetal
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do not conduct, dull
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What charge do metals have
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positive
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Mole
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conversion factor between mas and number of atoms
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Avogadro's Number
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6.022*10^23 atoms
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Molar Mass
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is the mass of 1 mole of a substance
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Empirical Formula
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Lowest whole number ratio of elements
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CHEM 111: EXAM 1