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H_D 341: EXAM 2
Reasons for school anxiety
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Inattention
Frequent frustration
Defiance
Irritability
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Physical symptoms of school anxiety
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Headache
Stomachaches
Ulcers
Nervousness
High blood pressure
Depressive episodes
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How does the "encouraging classroom" reduce school anxiety?
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Mindset of the teacher
Physical surroundings
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Leadership communication
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Techniques used by the teacher to positively manage a group
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Techniques used in leadership communication
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Being firm, friendly
Creating guidelines for classroom behavior
Using encouragement instead of praise
Logical consequences
Discussing inclusively
Holding regular class meetings
Teaching friendliness
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Rules vs. guidelines
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Stated in negative terms
Defined consequences
institutionalize use of punishment
Developmental egocentrism
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Guidelines vs. rules
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Created with group
Limit number depending on age of group
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We play safely
We are kind
We take care of our classroom
Guidelines? or, Rules?
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Guidelines
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Logical consequences
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Fit the guidance approach if two conditions are met
Quickly become punishment when used without understanding and communication
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The consequence is not present and rigidly enforced.
Example, of what?
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Logical consequences
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What type of consequence results from mistaken behavior?
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A logical consequence
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Encouragement vs. praise
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Give courage
Give hope
Give confidence
Give support
To help
To foster
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Praise vs. encouragement
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Sets a price on
Appraise
Commend the worth of
Approval/Admiration
Glorification
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Private encouragement vs. public
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Acknowledgement given to the individual child
Starter statement
Wait time
Descriptive of the process
The 7 types of listening responses
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Public encouragement vs. private
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Directed to the group
Not a value judgment
Self-Report
Describes the process
Personal response
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What are the 3 types of class meetings?
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1) Establish a sense of belonging within the group
2) Conduct class business
3) Solve problems that arise
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Why is establishing a sense of belonging within the group, useful?
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Builds an encouraging community that includes everyone
Supports each child in the expression of his or her views
Builds kindness - taking turns and listening carefully
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Why is conducting class business, useful?
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Maintains a positive, caring focus
Builds honesty - anyone can talk
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Why is solving problems that arise, useful?
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Personal situations may require private remedies
Meetings are to solve problems, not create them
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How does a teacher encourage friendliness in the classroom?
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Use class meetings and curriculum to teach friendliness
Discuss real situations
Dramatize using puppets or other props
Use children’s literature
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Why is teaching friendliness so important?
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Establishes a guideline of friendliness such as, “we cooperate with others in our work and play”
Actively teaches words such as “cooperate”
Structure small-group experience that transcend the usual social circles
Build experiences of success in diverse small groups
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What are the 3 parts of the "Compliment Sandwich" ?
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1) One compliment or statement of encouragement
2) One suggestion or recommendation
3) One request or question
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Contact talk
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The practice of spending quality time with each child to check-in and get to know them
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When are appropriate times to have contact talks?
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Before other children arrive
During choice time
During unstructured active play times
At lunch
During a break in the day
After a self-directing activity has begun
After school
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What are the 7 types of Listening Techniques?
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Attending
2) Reflective listening
3) Acknowledgement
4) Open-ended questioning
5) Wait time
6) I-messages/self-self report
7) Expansion |
How do teachers read feelings by listening to "life experiences"?
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School-related stress
Stress related to home and neighborhood
Use greetings to read children’s feelings
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How do teachers’ listening skills help to build relationships with children?
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Using listening skills helps to build a positive relationship with children and encourages them to process and express their thoughts and feelings.
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How might a teacher foster inclusive social identity in children?
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Pay attention to the messages, direct and indirect given to children about who they are related to gender, racial, cultural, religious, class and physical abilities.
Watch the message you give about who is and isn’t important in the social world of the classroom.
Teach accepting responses toward those different from ones selves.
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What does "DAP" stand for?
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Developmentally Appropriate Practices
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Learning centers
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The physical manifestation of DAP
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What do typical learning centers include?
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›Art/design /sensory/cooking
›Library/writing center
›Games/puzzles/ manipulatives-based cognitive experiences
›Science/Discovery
›Blocks
›Dramatic play
›Music
›Outdoor Classrooms
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Developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) include features such as...
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›Learning centers
›Abundant and diverse small group experiences
›Limited but active and concise large groups
›Emergent /integrated curriculum
›Ample big body play
›Active learning in the natural world
›Child choice throughout the day
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Aesthetics needed for the physical environment?
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›Soft spaces
›Homelike
›Intriguing
›Reflective of the children who are present
›Windows & lighting
›Sound
›Smell
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Furnishings and materials needed for the physical environment?
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›Appropriate size for adults and for children
›See all areas of the room
›Materials are plentiful, varied and can be used in many ways, intentional and purposeful placement
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What do learning centers provide?
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Provide adequate time for exploration is important to allow children to become fully involved in the learning.
Encourage creativity for brain development.
Flexible use of learning centers diversify learning opportunities to better accommodate individual children.
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What things should be considered when setting up areas in the classroom?
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Consider traffic patterns and noise levels.
Build centers around the interests of the children.
Establish routines for center selection ensures that children get to have a turn while promoting self-regulation and adaptability.
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Why are routines so important for young children?
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Help children learn routines.
Let children know where things are.
Let children know how facilities in the classroom work.
Let children know how to perform specific tasks.
Allow children to learn how to label materials with pictures and words.
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How does a teacher balance reliability and novelty in the daily program?
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Use of a Classroom Schedule:
Consistent routine - flexible timing (helps with time confusion)
Children know the schedule (Show concrete, observable)
A balance of active and quiet times
Children are prepared for changes in the schedule
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How are routines and transitions managed?
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Prepare and rehearse
Use focus points
Buffer activities (keep children engaged - make where you are interesting)
Allow for individual coping behaviors
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What are 7 ways to go beyond childism?
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1.Careful listening
2.Contact talks
3.Wait time
4.Compliment sandwich
5.Friendly humor
6.Friendly touch
7.Fostering Inclusive social identity
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What are a few myths about praise?
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´Children thrive on praise
´Praise increases self esteem
´Lavish praise is not addictive
´Praise motivates children
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Is praise extrinsic or intrinsic? Give an example.
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Extrinsic;
´Praise emphasizes the speaker
“Good job”
“I like the way that….”
“That is beautiful”
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Is encouragement extrinsic or intrinsic?
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Intrinsic
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Extrinsic
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´Implies the adult is the expert
´Restricted use
´Systematic use of praise impractical
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Use of praise, stickers and other rewards can lead to what?
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´Counter-productive to creating a caring community of learners
´False pretenses
´Jealousy
´Resentment
´Dependency
´Being singled out
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Intrinsic
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´Rewards inherent to activity itself
´Children see self as cause of own behavior
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Descriptive feedback
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´Describes process, effort, accomplishments, without evaluation
´Approximations count
´Is contingent on the performance of the behavior
´Provides specific feedback
´Is sincere and genuine
´Avoids comparison
´Encourages appreciation of the task, behavior or effort
´Can be given during the behavior
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Encouragement
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´Creates environment where children do not fear someone’s standard of excellence.
´Credibility to the adult
´Fosters confidence to experiment with challenging materials
´Strengthens self confidence
´Increases intrinsic motivation
Allows for individuality
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Discussing Inclusively
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´When a teacher keeps an open mind and ear, instead of focusing on “right” and “wrong” answers, she welcomes all perspectives.
´Discussing inclusively creates a respectful environment for children to share their understandings, offering opportunities for pride and acknowledgement instead of fear of shame.
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Children’s cognitive limitations when teaching friendliness...
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´developmental egocentrism—difficulty in seeing situations (and relationships) as others do.
´centering—difficulty in comprehending the complexities of situations.
´exclusivity—difficulty in understanding that if something belongs to one grouping, it can also belong to another.
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