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BIOL 120: EXAM 3
Cellular respiration is used in what type of environment?
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aerobic
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Fermentation is used in this type of environment
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anaerobic
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C6H12O6+6O2 ------ 6C02+6H2O+Energy
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Cellular respiration
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when substrate level phosphorylation is used
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Glycolysis and krebs cycle
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3 main stages of cellular respiration
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glycolysis krebs cycle ETC
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what type of macromolecule is ATP
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nucleotide
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what gives ATP high potential energy?
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number of CH bonds
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ATP is composed of 3 _________ groups, a _____________, and __________
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phosphate, ribose, adenine
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what goes into glycolysis? What comes out?
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glucose, NADH, pyruvate, ATP
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What goes into the Krebs cycle? What comes out?
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pyruvate, NADH, FADH2,CO2
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What goes into ETC? What comes out?
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electrons, ATP
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Where does glycolysis occur?
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cytosol
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Where do the krebs cycle and ETC occur?
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Mitochondrial Matrix
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ETC uses what type of phosphorylation?
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oxidative
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How many reactions occur in glycolysis
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10
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how many ATP are produced from glycosis
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2
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how many ATP are produced by the Krebs cycle
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2
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how many ATP are produced from the ETC
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26
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_____________ phosphorylation: ATP production via the proton motive force and ATP synthase. ATP synthase produces 26 out of 30 ATP molecules
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oxidative
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ETC pumps protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. The proton motive force from the electrochemical gradientcan be usedto make ATP
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chemiosmosis
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What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
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Oxygen
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final electron acceptor of anaerobic respiration
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inorganic compunds
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how many ATP result from aerobic respiration
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30
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how many ATP result from fermentaion?
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2
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Wheredoes alcohol fermentation occur?
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yeast |
Wheredoes lactic fermentation occur?
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humans
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___________ pathways:
break down of molecule and the production of ATP
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Catabolic
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________ pathways:
the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller components
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anabolic
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splitting of water
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hydrolysis
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formation of water
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condensation
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•reaction resulting in release of energy (spontaneous)
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exergonic |
•reaction requiring an input of energy (not spontaneous)
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endergonic
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fat is broken down into
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glycerol, fatty acids
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proteins are broken down into
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amino acids
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Carbohydrates are broken down to?
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simple sugars
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Whenfats, carbohydrates, & proteins are in a cell, what is the order in whichcells will break these down for energy?
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carbohydrates, fats, proteins
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chemical equation for photosynthesis:
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co2+2h2o+light energy = (ch20)n+h2o+02
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make their own food
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autotrophs
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get food from others
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heterotrophs
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light independent cycle is known as the
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calvin cycle
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made up of thylakoids
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granum
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fluid filled space inside choloplasts
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stroma
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chloroplasts are green because they absorb __________ and __________ light
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red, blue
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the two classes of caratenoids
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carotenes and xanthophylls
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absorb light and pass the energy to the chlorophyll
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caratenoids
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protect chlorophyll and other plant molecules from destructive radiation
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flavonoids
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when a red or blue photon strikes a pigment molecule in the antenna complex and the energy is absorbed and the electron is excited this energy is passed along to a nearby chlorophyll molecule excited another electron from chlorophyll to chlorophyll until it reaches the _________
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reaction center
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when both photosystems intereact to work together
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enhancement effect
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