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PSY 3711: MIDTERM 2
Are interests a preference for particular work activities or outcomes?
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Activities
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Are values a preference for particular work activities or outcomes?
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Outcomes
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What are the 6 dimensions of structure of interests?
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Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Realistic
Conventional
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What are the 4 underlying dimensions of RIASEC
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Data
Ideas
People
Things
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Are interests dimensions or types
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Dimensions
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Are opposite interests on the RIASEC correlated or uncorrelated
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Uncorrelated
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Work values
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individual's characteristic pattern of preferences for certain work outcomes, goals, or objectives
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Is the follow question asking about complementary or supplementary environment fit: does the environment meet the needs of the person?
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Complementary
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Is the follow question asking about complementary or supplementary environment fit: Do the person and environment share the same characteristics?
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supplementary
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What are two measures for assessing the environment?
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People based measures
Ratings
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What interest measure predicts performance across all jobs
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None
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What is connected to performance as the major component of person-organization fit?
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Values
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Does the following question assess breadth or fidelity: how much of a job is captured by the assessment?
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Breadth
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Does the following question assess breadth or fidelity: How realistic are the materials?
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Fidelity
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What is required for a simulation to be valid?
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Accurate behavioral responses
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Are AC predictors usually combined clinically or mechanically?
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Clinically
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Are panel interviews more or less valid than structured interviews?
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Less valid
But more reliable
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What is the relevant reliability for interviews?
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interrater
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Unstructured interviews have less construct validity for what dimensions?
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Social skills and job experience
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Do structured or unstructured interviews have stronger incremental validity?
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Structured
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What are unstructured interviews better for?
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Recruiting applicants
Choosing among a few equally good candidates
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What is the drawback of empirical keying for biodata?
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Some items will/won't correlate just by chance
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What is the draw back of factor analytic for biodata
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Items that group together are not necessarily good predictors
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How can you improve factor analytic for biodata
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Follow up factor analysis with other research
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How do you improve empirical keying for biodata
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Conduct multiple studies
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How can you improve references?
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Standardized
use peer ratings
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What is the following an example of: a female applicant is asked if she has any domestic responsibilities that might interfere with her work, but a male applicant is not asked that question
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adverse/disparate treatment
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What is the difference between adverse treatment and adverse impact?
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Adverse treatment is intentional discrimination
Adverse impact may not be intended discrimination
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How is adverse impact shown?
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Statistical disparities between a majority and a minority group in terms of outcomes
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is the burden on the plaintiff or the defendant in an adverse impact case
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plaintiff
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What are the two things that a plaintiff has to show in an adverse impact case
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1. belongs to a protected group
2. members of the protected group were statistically disadvantaged compared to the majority
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What is the 80% rule used for
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Adverse impact
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a staffing model needs to be...
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comprehensive
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Why are compensatory selection systems important?
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In most instances, humans are able to compensate for a relative weakness in one attribute through a strength in another one
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What are the two basic ways to combine information in making a staffing decision
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clinical and statistical
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Is the hurdle system compensatory or noncompensatory?
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non compensatory because the candidate could not continue unless the hurdle was cleared
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cross validation
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testing a multiple regression on a second sample to see if it still fits well
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What are letter grades assigned to a score an example of?
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Score banding
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Standard error of measurement
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amount of error in a test score distribution
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What can we conclude if the difference between two candidates is less than the standard error of measurement?
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candidates are not really different
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Is subgroup norming legal or illegal
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illegal
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Are clinical or statistical methods preferable for layoffs?
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statistical
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Are mechanical or clinical predictions more accurate?
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Mechanical
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Is the following and example of mechanical, clinical, both, or synthesis of collection: personality or cognitive ability test score
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mechanical
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Is the following and example of mechanical, clinical, both, or synthesis of collection: expert rating of interview or simulation
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clinical |
Is the following and example of mechanical, clinical, both, or synthesis of collection: cognitive ability test scores and interview ratings
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both |
Is the following and example of mechanical, clinical, both, or synthesis of collection: take a prediction based on clinical judgment and combine it in a mechanical judgment
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synthesis
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Is the following and example of mechanical, clinical, both, or synthesis of collection: take a prediction based on mechanical combination and use it to inform a clinical judgement
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synthesis
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Is this a mechanical or clinical synthesis: clinical rating of the expert is treated as an additional predictor that is mechanically combined with all the other info to produce a final rating
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mechanical synthesis
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Is this a mechanical or clinical synthesis: predictor scores are combined using an equation based method to create a final composite score. The score is given to the expert and the expert combines all the info to their final rating
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clinical synthesis
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Can people do a good job of collecting data?
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Yes
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Can people do a good job of combining data?
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No
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Is clinical synthesis better than methods that are only equation based?
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No
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What is the most effective method for data combination?
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mechanical
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Why does clinical combination of data perform so poorly?
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People are inconsistent about how they apple rules to making judgments
Can by overly swayed by unusual/unimportant info
develop incorrect rules for making judgments
people have nice set of lawfully flawed decision making biases
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What are the following an example of: optimal weights, meta analytic weights, research literature based weights
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criterion weighting
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What are the following an example of: criterion weighting, expert judgment based weights, bootstrapped weights
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Differential weights
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How do you get an optimal weight?
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YOU CAN'T BITCHHHHH
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What are the disadvantages of literature based weights
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literature isn't as well organized as a good meta analysis
results are likely to be less stable than a meta analysis
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What are the advantages of using literature based weights
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Useful if you're using predictors that have not been examined in a metaanalysis
Weights based on solid empirical information
Can use weights right away without waiting for a primary study
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What is the problem with expert weights?
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They are only as good as the experts we ask
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Which is better: bootstrapped weights or the clinical judgments from which they are derived?
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Bootstrapped
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Are unit weights or differential weights better when predictors are of similar strength?
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Unit weights
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Are unit weights or differential weights better when predictors are very different?
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Differential weights
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What is the difference between fairness and bias?
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Fairness is a subjective judgment referring to societal values about whether or not a decision is fair
Bias is a technical concept concerned with whether a predictor score misrepresents a person's likelihood of effective future performance
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In regards to bias, what is a major problem in using cognitive ability tests for selection?
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There are subgroup differences in scores
e.g. white mean score 1.0 higher htan black
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What is the diversity-validity dilemma?
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White-minority differences in cognitive ability scores make it impossible for organizations to both maximize the validity of their selection procedures and hire a diverse workforce
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What subgroup differences are seen across sex?
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Mostly none
except psychomotor ability
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What subgroup differences can be found across racial groups
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General mental ability
personality (but this is trivial)
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What are three ways to evaluate bias?
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mean score differences
differential validity across groups
differential prediction
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What method for evaluating bias is the following: one group has a higher mean than another
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mean score differences
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What method for evaluating bias is the following: the predictor for whites is r=.30 but the predictor for blacks is r=.25
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differential validity
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What method for evaluating bias is the following: the intercept of the regression line for whites is higher than for blacks
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Differential prediction
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What is the limitation of differential validity
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there is evidence of small differential validity across groups but no evidence of differential prediction
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What do we see differences in validity across groups, but no evidence of differential prediction?
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Differential prediction focuses on differences in unstandardized regression slopes and intercepts
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What is the most used and legally defensible model of differential prediction
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predictor oriented differential prediction
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What happens if the a regression line for whites and regression line for blacks cross?
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There is a significant interaction term between races
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