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HIST 1311:History Test 1
Who was America named after?
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Amerigo Vespucci
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Great Biological Exchange significance
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Transmission of diseases
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Consequences of diseases for Indians:
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Weakened culture and too weak to fight Europeans
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Why seek colonies in America?
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1. Diplomacy/
power
2. Wealth
3. Ambition/fame
4. Religious reasons
5. Population growth
6. Increase in trade
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Which country got to America first?
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Spain
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Why did Columbus want to explore?
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1. wanted sponsor country
2. wanted high rank in navy
3. Spread of christianity (" ")
4. wanted riches
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What enabled the European exploration?
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-new knowledge
-navigation technology
-powerful weapons
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Columbus believed he had discovered _______
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the indies
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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-b/w Spain + Portugal
-dispute over land of New World
-divide lands of western hemisphere b/w each other
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The dividing of lands between Spain and Portugal meant that _______
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Spain developed empire in America (16th c.) while Portugal provided slaves from Africa
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Most brutal colonizers of America
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Spain
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In the Great Biological Exchange, the increase of food led to the __________
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increase in European population
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Advantages of Spanish against Indians
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-lack of Indian unification
-weaponry
-horses
-psychological advantage
-Indian weakness due to disease
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Spanish Invaders of America
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-Cortés
-Pizzaro
-de León
-de Soro
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Who established France's first
American colony
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French Protestants (Huguenots)
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St. Augustine
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-Spanish base/town
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Virginia was a typical _____ colony
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southern
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What saves Virginia?
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tobacco
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Who saves Virginia?
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Virginia Company
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How are colonies defined?
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by WHAT and HOW they grow
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Tobacco in Virginia leads to
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-need for labor
-large plantations ($$$)
-wearing out of soil
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Virginia was settled as a _______ colony
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secular; joint-stock company
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Government in Virginia
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House of Burgesses
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What was the House of Burgesses ?
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-1st rep. assembly/gov.
-based on English gov.
-based on land owners needs
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Primary source of labor in English America in 17th c.
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Indentured servants
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headright system
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-incentive to move to Virginia
-50 free acres of land given
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Role of Anglican Church in Virginia
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-initially dominant then falls off
-Money>Religion
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Virginia become a crown colony because
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-native attacks were not profitable for Virginia Colony
-needed royal protection
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Who introduces tobacco?
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John Rolfe
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Protestant Reformation challenged _______
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Catholic supremacy
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The Protestant Reformation intensified _______
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national rivalry
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What was the result of the Protestant Reformation?
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Lutherism
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Who creates "Church of England"?
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Who creates "Church of England"?
Henry VIII
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Strict protestants
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puritans
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Result of defeat of the Spanish Armada
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-England est. naval supremacy
-leads to English colonization
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Popé Rebellion
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Pueblo Indian revolt against Spanish Conquistadors
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Bacon's Rebellion
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-indentured servants and poor people rise against the rich
-Nathaniel Bacon hates natives
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Bacon's Rebellion made the English realize that ______
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-they could not rely on English labor and indentured servitude
-REALIZE NEED FOR SLAVES
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Maryland was a ______ colony
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proprietary
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Maryland was founded by
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Calvert family
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Maryland's staple crop
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tobacco
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Maryland was a refuge for _____
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Catholics
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Although it was founded as a refuge for Catholics, Maryland promoted _______
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religious freedom
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Most New Englanders were motivated by ________
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religious ideals
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Who founded Plymouth?
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William Bradford; Puritans
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Who founded Massachusetts?
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John Winthrop
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Massachusetts was founded for the religious freedom of _______
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Puritans
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Massachusetts was based on _____ yet had no _______
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religion; religious toleration
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What was the economy like in Massachusetts?
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-DIVERSE
-shipping, subsistence farming, timber
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General Court
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the elected representation/gov. of Massachusetts
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Winthrop hated ______ and promoted ______
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democracy; religious orthodoxy
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Massachusetts was initially founded as a ______ and became a _______
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trading corporation; governing body of commonwealth
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Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, believed in __________
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religious freedom
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Rhode Island was the 1st American colony to promote ______ and ______
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separation of church and state; peaceful treatment of Indians
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King Phillip's War was a war b/w ______ and ______
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New England English colonist and Indians
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Result of King Phillip's War
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-Colonists win
-Force natives further West
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Pennsylvania characteristics
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-religious freedom
-diverse economy
-Quakers
-peaceful w/ Indians
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Which colony practices peace with natives?
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Pennsylvania
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Middle colony's economies were based on _______
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trade
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Similarities b/w Mass. and Virginia
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-need for government
-similar need for land boundaries
-similar representative assebly
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New England colonies were founded for ______ reasons while Southern colonies were mostly founded for _________ reasons
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religious freedom; $$$
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What made the middle colonies unique?
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-proprietary colonies
-good farmers
-peaceful w/ indians
-religious FREEDOM
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Colonial Population Trends
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SIGNIFICANT INCREASE (30% every 25 years)
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What was unique about the typical colonial home and family?
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-close-knit
-no privacy (no designated rooms)
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What role did women play in society?
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-subservient
-took care of house+kids
-no vote, no lawsuits, no office
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What kinds of health issues were there?
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-infant death rate=high
-medical knowledge=elementary
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Types of medical treatments in colonies?
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Purging and Bleeding
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What kinds of leisure and recreation did they have?
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-cards
-horse-racing
-dancing/courting
-cock-fighting
-marriage
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What did it mean that the colonies saw "social strain" develop?
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-economic backgrounds
-ethnicity/race
-geographical areas
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Examples of social strain in colonies
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-Bacon's Rebellion
-Salem Witch Trials
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Who were generally accused in the Salem Witch Trials?
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Independent, land owning women & Blacks
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What caused rise of The Enlightenment?
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-rational thought/science
-change in government/politics
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What kinds of things did the Enlightenment lead to?
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-USE OF REASON
-natural laws
-deism
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What was important about the Enlightenment?
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-influenced gov. and religion
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What is mercantilism?
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-belief that power=wealth
-belief that there was a limited amount of wealth in the world
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What kinds of British regulations over America did mercantilism lead to?
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Navigation Acts (regulation on trade)
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How did the Navigation Acts regulate trade?
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-enumerated goods
-goods traded w/ other countries must go through England and get taxed
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Regulations caused by mercantilism
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-taxing goods
-regulating trade
-no coined $ allowed in colonies
-no manufacturing of woolen products
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Problems with enforcing regulation in colonies?
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1. Not enough Brit. personnel
2. Not enough resources to enforce laws
3. Most Brit. officials=corrupt & side with colonists
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Why did British officials side with adhere to colonists?
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-colonists controlled their paychecks
-more effected by colonists' needs
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What worried Great Britain about the French in America?
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-continue to expand and move into western frontier
-mostly Catholic
-good relations with Indians
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What were the causes of the French and Indian War?
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dispute b/w France and GB over land in the Ohio River Valley
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How did GB initially govern its colonies?
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-neglect
-let them do whatever
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