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POLS 2312:Midterm Review
Politics
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the process that involves conflict by groups seeking to influence public policy
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Government
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a public institution that is authorized to allocate values in a society
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"the process by which policy decisions are made" includes
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legislative actions, court proceedings, lobbying activities
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public policy
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often involves governmental and nongovernmental groups
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when the Texas legislature increases the tax on cigarettes, it is implementing
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public policy
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political culture
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values, attitudes, traditions, habits, and general behavioral patterns that develop over time and shape the politics of a particular region
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political culture of Texas
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individualistic and traditionalistic
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cotton production in the Texas Panhandle and South Plains is possible because of
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the Ogallala Aquifier
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origin of the name of the State of Texas
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Native American Caddo word "tejas" which means friendly
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four largest private corps. in Texas (2010) were all ____ _____.
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energy related
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Collapse of Enron occurred because
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improper accounting and business practices
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Fracking
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the process of mixing chemicals with sand and water and injecting them into the groud to force out oil and gas from the shale below
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Agriculture in Texas
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commodities largely processed outside the state
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Service industry in Texas
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pays lower wages and salaries than manufacturing firms
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Two sources of powers of the Texas govt to govern
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Texas Constitution and Texas' membership in the federal Union
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Tx constitution: limits actions of national govt
TRUE OR FALSE
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FALSE
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understanding difference b/w st govt and fed govt involves
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understanding st constitution are subject to US constitution
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Federal System
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sys of govt in which power is divided b/w general govt and associated regional govt
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10th Amendment
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reserves to the states those powers not delegated to fed govt
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National Supremacy clause is found where in US constitution
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Article VI
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national supremacy clause
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federal laws enacted under US constitution take precedence over st laws
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Delegated Powers
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powers specifically stated in the US constitution
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Gov Rick Perry hinted at what when opposing federal stimulus funds from Obama Admin
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having TX secede from Union
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# of amendments to TX constitution adopted b/w 1876-2012
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474
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principal historic event surrounding the TX constitution of 1869
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meeting demands of Reconstruction
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Edmond J. Davis
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reconstrucion gov of TX who was unpopular w/ former slave owners
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negativity against E.J. Davis was result of
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reactions by former slave owners toward freedom of black slaves
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loval govt forms in TX
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special districts, counties, and cities
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30. Approximately how many incorporated municipalities are there in Texas?
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1200
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Dillon's Rule
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local government power dictates that local government should only have those powers expressly granted by the state
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Tx local govts are like other sts b/c
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they are on the bottom rung of the govtal ladder
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typical voter turnout in TX municipal election
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10% or LESS
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minimum pop requirement in TX for becoming a city
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201
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are popular elections unique to home-rule cities?
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NO
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initiative
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a proposed law arising from a citizen petition
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at-large elections in TX cities result in
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less diversity of representation
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municipal govts in TX home-rule cities are likely to operate
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police, trash collection, and water services
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two largest tax sources for TX municipalities
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sales tax and property tax
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which county official has both admin and judicial responsibilities
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county judge
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special-district govt
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unit of local govt performing a single function for a particular group of ppl in a designated area
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public education in TX is provided by
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local school districs
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political party
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an org that consists of indivs interested in controlling govt by winning elections
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two leading political parties in TX
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Democratic and Republican
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General election is held in
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November of even-# yrs
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in TX, a candidate may only win an office in a gen election if he/she receives...
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a plurality of the vote
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stratarchy
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the hierarchial lvls of American political parties
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American political party sys consists of
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national, st, county, and precinct lvls
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Primary elections in TX usually held
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in March of even-# yrs
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lowest lvl of temp party orgs in TX
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precinct conventions
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performed every 2 yrs @ st party convention
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adoption of party platform
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happens @ party st convention during presidential election yrs
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selection of potential presidential electors
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# of electoral voters each st receives is =
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# of seats ea st has in Congress
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How many electoral voters will TX have in presidential election of 2016
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38
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2008 Obama won in Harris, Travis, Bexar, & Dallas counties b/c
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solid support from Latino and A.A. voters
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2010 gubernatorial race, Kay Bailey Hutchison defeated probably b/c
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portrayed as a "Washington insider"
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Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
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SCOTUS overturned a ban on unlimited independent expenditures made by corps, unions, and nonprofit orgs in federal elections
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some contributions from PACs describes TX campaign finance regulations for St offices:
TRUE OR FALSE
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FALSE
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TX Latino pop % relative to Anglo pop
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about same as Anglo pop
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José Ángel Gutiérrez
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one of the founders for the Raza Unida Party
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Raza Unida Party not politically effective b/c
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TX democratic party has adopted issues appealing to Hispanic voters
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Latino community showed political strength in May 2010 by
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having 28,000 protesters in Dallas opposing the Arizona immigration law
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TX employed methods to deny the vote to large groups of indiv. (one time or another)
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literacy tests, poll taxes, and white primaries
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Smith v. Allwright
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overturned white only primary elections in TX
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Gerrymandering
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manipulating legislative district lines to favor a political party/group
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Shaw v. Reno (1993)
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SCOTUS disallowed racial gerrymandering
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low voter turnout in TX did not attribute to
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repeal of laws that espended suffrage
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considered strongest factor to influence voter turnout
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Education
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key factors to affect voter turnout
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education, gender, regular income, age, and ethnicity
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interest group
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org that works w/ govt officials for the purpose of influencing public policy
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interest groups try to influence public policy by
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lobbying govt officials regardless of party affiliation
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principal purpose of political party activity
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gain control of govt by winning elections and thus achieve party goals
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Getting members elected to public office is a goal of an interest group: T OR F
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FALSE
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TX Association of Business and Chambers of Commerce is an example of...
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an umbrella org.
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increased safety and environmental standards are likely goals of a business org.
TRUE or FALSE
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FALSE
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most supportive of right-to-work laws
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business groups
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example of professional group in TX
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Texas Trial Lawyers Association
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lobbyist
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attempts to influence the decision-making of lawmakers
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interest groups most involved in
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electioneering
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indiv seeking favorable decision from govt most likely succeeds if
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works w/ group having similar goals
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registered lobbyists in TX has
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increased to over 1,800
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most commonly employed strategy of influencing legislation is
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personal argument w/ legislator to persuade
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essence of representative govt
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entrusting the enactment of laws to elected legislators
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# of senators in TX legislature
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31
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only unicameral st legislature
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NEBRASKA
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# of members in TX House of Reps
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150
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redistricting for both houses in TX routinely occurs
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the first odd-# yr in a decade
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terms of office for members of TX legis.
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Senate: 4 yrs
HoR: 2 yrs w/ no term limits
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Democratic and Republican caucuses that are increasingly important in TX legis
TRUE or FALSE
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TRUE
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concerns of Mex Amer Legis Caucus in 1990s produced
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larger appropriaions for st universities in S TX
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liberal response to the Conservative Caucus
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Legislative Study Group
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principal agent in making public policy in TX
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st legislature
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House-Senate conf. committees normally meet during
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called special legislative sessions
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Gov can most readily stop bill being debated by legislature by
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threatening to kill it with a veto
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A rep seekg help in drafting a bill would probably turn to
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Texas Legislative Council
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First Chicana to run for st rep (of those in book)
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Virginia Muzquiz
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Chicana serving as Sec of HUD in 2014
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Rosie Castro
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Chicana as first woman elected to Dallas CIty Council
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Anita N. Martinez
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13th Amendment
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prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude
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14th Amendment
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provides citizenship to those born on US soil
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19th Amendment
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women right to vote
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Attempts to curb racial discrim in voting
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15th Amendment
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allows any US citizen (any color) right to vote
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defendant in The Class Apart case
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Mex-Amer who were treated as a second class citizen, depsite having Amer citizenship and racial classification as White
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Hernandez v. Texas
represented defendant
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Gustavo Garcia
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Hernandez v. Texas
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mex amer had = protection under 14th amend to US constitution
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Hernandez v. Texas
vote marginal vote
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Sep-00
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mission of the "Border Bandits"
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to kill John McAllen
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occurring in Mexico during 1910s
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Mexican Revolution
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woman claiming to be related to John McAllen tried to contact decendants and what did they do
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advised to hire lawyer
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rank of US in 2012 Gender Gap:
3rd, 9th, 17th, or none of these
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None of these
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when did women fight for right to vote
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1918
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political party women typically support
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Democratic
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Gender Role
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a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship
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first woman to serve as White House Press Secretary
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Dee Dee Myers
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dollar to dollar ratio of bottom 90% to top .01%
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1000
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since 1980 avg real income of top 1% has increased
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175%
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William McRaven's previous position
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Admiral, head of the US Special Ops Command
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McRaven is replacing
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Francisco Cigarroa
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previous Chancellor's salary
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750,000
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Gov Rick Perry is being charged w/
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abuse of power
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last time gov of TX indicted
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1917
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possible max sentence for Rick Perry
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109 yrs
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Rosemary Lehmberg
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Travis County District Attorney
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political party of judge assigned to Rick Perry's case
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Republican
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Koch Industry's worth
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115 billion in annual revenue
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political party Koch brothers affiliated w/
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Libertarian Party
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some groups Koch brothers funded are associated w/
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Tea Party
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Tx Republican Party emerges
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1865
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Black Codes
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established literacy tests
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A.A./Anglo ratio when Rep. Party of TX first founded
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150/20
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1st pres to appoint an A.A. to an executive position in the White House Staff
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Dwight Eisenhower
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election of Richard Coke to the governorship described as
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the restoration of white supremacy and Democratic rule
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Federal Reserve System Chair Janet Yellen upped white median worth by 2% to
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18,000
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first SCOTUS case on lobbying had to do w/ US War on Mexico in 1846-48
TRUE or FALSE
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False
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to lobby in TX a person has to register w/ Ethics Commission
TRUE or FALSE
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TRUE
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Top spender in 2013 in TX as lobbyist
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AT&T
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developed the concept of a caretaker society
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Octavio Romano
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TX rank in agribusiness of subsidy
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2
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lobbyist spent more in 2011 or 2013?
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2011
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2013 lobby interest group that spent the most
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Energy
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amt lobbyists spent on legislators 2013
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$328 million
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#5 lobbyist in TX 2013
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Michael Toomey
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SNAP
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program used for purchasing food stamps
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becomig most popular subsidies to agribusiness
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commodity
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