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SOCI 1311:Test 2 Sociology
dominant narratives
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affect the way that members of a culture view the world in which they live (held in common by society)
your plans and ideas that fit in with cultural norms
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behavior and ideas that challenge the norms are
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deviant
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real americans
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people that believe in the ideas of america, family values
ties in with the american dream- work, accomplish, achieve, patriotic
considered to be small town america
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sexual assault is not reported due to
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cultural norm for women being modesty, monogamy and women blame themselves when they have gone against theses social norms
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legitimate rape is considered
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said by MO rep todd akin there are physical signs, trauma, hurt
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most important problem we face today is
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inequality
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karl marx stated
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social class based on your position either burgeous of proletariat
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burgeoise
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own the means of production natural resources, land, machinery, and own labor
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proletariat
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working class they only own themselves
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max weber stated
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that status and power impact social class
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status
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prestige, position, education
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power
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that ability to get someone to do something they dont want to do or the possibilty of collective action
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collective action used by proletariat to increase social class
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unions
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Pierre Bourdeau introduced
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cultural capital
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cultural capital
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class is influenced by culture
each class has an unique pattern of taste
ex: language, food, activities, grooming)
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income
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income is what you make
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wealth
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is what you make minus what you owe
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wealth helps with
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retirement
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mean household wealth
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500,000
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median household wealth
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75,000
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median wealth for white
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110,00
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median wealth for black
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5,000
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median wealth for latinos
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7,500
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median wealth for single white women in prime working years
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45,000
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median wealth for single black women in prime working years
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5
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median wealth for single latino
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60
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wealth gap
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wealthy vs. middle and working class
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wealth gap in 1928
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rich took 25% of all income
remaining 99 shared 75%
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great society
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in 60's declaring war on poverty
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wealth gap in 1970
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rich took 8% of all income and remaining 99 shared 96%
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1928-1978 great compression
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growing economic equality
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wealth gap in 2001
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rich took 25% of all income and 99% sharing 75%
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the great recession 2008
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top 10% taking 95% of all income and remaining 90% sharing 5%
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the children of the owner of walmart are worth
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more than the entire staff of walmart
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85 of the richest people have more wealth than
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bottom half of people in the entire world = 2 billion people
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great divergence
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1979-present inequality has grown significantly
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upward mobilty
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raising one's status level
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US has the largest rate of
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inequality of all industrialized nations and lowest upward mobility
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gini index
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A formula that measures economic inequality within a country. 0-1
0=perfect equality
1= perfect inequality
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tx gini index
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.5 one of the top five states for income inequality
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cause of the great divergence
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loss of manufacturing job
globalization and decline in unionization
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Globalization
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processes by which goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas flow across national borders
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de-industialization
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loss of manufacturing caused by globalization
ex: clothing business everything made in china instead of usa
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loss of manufacturing caused by globalization
ex: clothing business everything made in china instead of usa
chinese worker earns
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5% of what a us worker would earn
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Unionization
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Organization of labor supplies countervailing power ( evened the playing field)
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cause of union decline
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working conditions have improved
industry
culture and privatization
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in 1945----- of all workers were union members
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40%
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today in tx and nationwide-------- are union members
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5% in tx and 7% nationwide
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right-to-work laws
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A state law forbidding requirements that workers must join a union to hold their jobs. no longer required to pay dues
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problems with unions
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cant get fired which allows for lazy under-performing employees
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today CEO compensation has increased, while average work has increased
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ceo-800%
worker- 5%
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why is salary differiention necessary
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have to compete to get the best employees to run the company
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economic inequality has grown due to
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falling minimum wage
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fair labor standards act
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44hr work week
ban child labor
payment of the minimum wage required
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first min wage
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0.25
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highest value for min wage
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1968 would be equal to 9.50 earned at poverty level
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today if you work at min wage
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living 40% below poverty line
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tx has the
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highest number of min wage workeres
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the average min wage worker
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women age 35
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education opportunity is increasing inequality due to
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low graduation, student loan payments, increase price of college
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NAFTA
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North American free trade agreement.
Treaty between Canada, us, MX. Which created a trading block. No terrorism and cuts down on cost and production. Approved by congress in 1993. Designed to increase trade
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taxes today are
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historically low
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marginal tax rate
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taxed at level of income
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example of marginal tax rate
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1,000,000-39%
300,000-28%
200,000-22%
100,000-18%
50,000-15%
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during the great compression taxes were
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high
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during divergence taxes are
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low
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inheritance (death) tax
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a levy upon an estate applied when the owner dies
no longer applies
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unearned income
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investment returns in the form of rents, dividends, capital gains, interest, or royalties
max tax of 15%
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Supply-Side (Trickle-Down) Economics
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Pumping money into the economy through business and the rich in hopes that it will trickle down to the poor
Conservative idea
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constructionism theory
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how society reacts to deviance using intervening variable which is society's reaction determines whats deviant or not
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erving goffman
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symbolic interactionism
symbols and signs determine the interaction
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role
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expected behavior based on status / position in society
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ascribed status
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status by no effort, status you are born with (ex: gender, race, age
the way people percieve you
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achieved status
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status due to personal choices gained or worked toward (ex: student, profession, criminal)
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master status
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central status that defines who you are (ex: felon, sexuality, disability)
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people use a person's status to
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predict and understand their behavior (ex: interviews)
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Just-World Beliefs
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Belief that the world is fair, good people are rewarded and bad are punished. Leads to blaming the victim.
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US is ranked high in
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just world beliefs
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religion is used to learn that
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the world is just using the connection between sin and suffering
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JWB in religious households
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are high
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melvin lerner - belief in a just world
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the assumption that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
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schadenfreude
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taking pleasure in the suffering or misfortunes of others
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