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CC 301: Vocabulary
pentekontaetia |
Refers to the approximately fifty-year period between the end of the Persian wars in 479 bce. Was a period of relative peace and prosperity within Greece. "Golden Age" of Athens
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trireme |
galley
developed by ancient Greeks as warships, with three tiers of oars on each side (tri-reme, tri meaning three) |
Long Walls
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gave Athens a protected route to the sea = supplies = no siege by Sparta
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Erechtheum |
Culture-Greek
Period-Ionic Order. Dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon |
Caryatid |
A female figure that functions as a supporting column. Took place of a column or pillar supporting an entablature on her head
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Sophist |
Teach you how to defend yourself in court. Lawyer type. Weave and manipulate words. Many people criticized them for being skeptical and questioning the world around them
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Ananke |
Necessity; reason given for actions (determined by necessity of the moment)
In Thucydides, the idea of ananke is the biggest power/principle that governs history, decision making and the affairs of men |
Tyche |
Goddess who governed the fortune and prosperity of a city; daughter of hermes and aphrodite;
Crowned Alexander the Great at the Tychaion
Kinds of things in war you can't predict |
Ekklesia |
assembly of the for all citizens in Athens
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Stasis |
Thucydides: set of symptoms indicating an internal disturbance in both individuals and states
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Archidamian War
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-First phase of the Peloponnesian War
-Named after Spartan King Archidamos
-Marked the first 10 years of the Peloponnesian War
-431-421 BC
-Spartan strategy was to invade the land surrounding Athens, failed because of long walls/Athens access to their ports |
Strategos
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Military general chosen by public vote, usually also politicians; watched by Athenians
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demagogue |
a leader who appeals to the passions and prejudices of his audience rather than rational arguments; not well bred
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Limos |
Greek word for famine
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Loimos |
Plague |
Cleon |
Athenian statesman & strategos during Peloponnesian War who opposed Pericles. Hated nobility, had crazy ideas like wanting to kill all the men of Mytilene. Warmonger & demagogue
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Diodotus |
Thucydides "HPW"; Athenian; argues against putting Mytilenians to death because he argues it may actually cause revolts disagrees w/ Cleon
More moderate faction of Athens |
Mytilenian Debate
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Mytilene plans revolt, they lose, 1000 ppl involved killed. Athenian assembly first decides to kill everyone in Athens, then reverses their decision the next day.
Diodotus' argument to spare them in favor of creating an alliance prevailed |
Sphacteria
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Island where spartans were marooned and surrendered to the Athenian army under Cleon and Demosthenes.
Athens took city and executed males & enslaved women/children
Sent shock waves through Greece
425 BC battle |
Stichomythia
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In a stage play brief, alternating lines of dialogue spoken in rapid-fire succession.
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Nicias |
Athenian general who opposed sending an expedition to Syracuse. Older/cautious. Eclipse episode.
Moderate in political views & encouraged peace w/ Spartans |
Alcibiades
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Athenian general and politician.
brought up by Pericles and a student of socrates
ambition leads him to reinitiate the war, opposed peace
proposed the sicilian expedition
called back to athens for mutilation of herms
fled to sparta later to persia
eventually returned to athens and later to thrace |
Herm |
A bust on a quadrangular pillar with erect phallus
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brauron |
sacred site/temple of artemis where men killed she bear which lead to demands for sacrifices of youth
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loom |
the machine used to make woven fabrics
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Spindle whorl
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A round ceramic weight used to give a spindle momentum and a base on which thread rested to spin / weave cotton
increase/maintain the speed of spin |
pinax |
votive tablet of painted wood, terra cotta, marble, or bronze that served as a votive object deposited in a sanctuary or as a memorial affixed within a burial chamber
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Thesmophoria
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Yearly religious festival to honor god Demeter
Run/participation completely by women |
fumigation |
a method in which women would sit on a pot of warm vapors to fumigate vagina and cure reproductive illnesses
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Anatomical Votive
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Sculpture of a body part dedicated to the Gods in hopes they would heal a body part that was hurting
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pastas |
house with a long porch sheltering the entrances to a number of rooms
ceiling partly supported by columns or square piers
space for work/socializing |
Olynthus |
Greek city, offered to help Athens recover Amphipolis
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Hetaira |
Greece courtesans that provided emotional and intellectual comfort as well as sex(higher class of prostitute)
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porne |
Prostitute, had no control over who she slept with, often found on streets or in a brothel
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Andron |
Greek
-most honored room of house, only for men
-used for dinner parties
-furniture sits on wide border, not hiding the mosaic tiles
-front of home, prevented men from entering the rest of the house |
Eromenos |
Young boy in pederastic relationship. "Passively" means the one who is loved
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Erastes |
lover, older male that educates his younger male lover while also being a mentor and teacher.
Plays dominant role |
Kalos Inscriptions
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Inscriptions on pottery that complement a boys beauty
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City Dionysia/Greater Dionysia
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The urban tragic festival honoring Dionysus. March.
Central events: theatrical performances of tragedies and comedies |
satyr |
In ancient Greek mythology and comedies, a creature that was part man and part goat, usually with a man’s head and body, and a goat’s ears, horns, and legs.
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liturgy
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public service established by the city-state where the richest members financed the state with their personal wealth
Managed financing of the theatrical chorus |
Old Comedy
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in greece, a genre of comedy that displayed great imagination and used cutthroat satire, caricature, and sometimes vulgar dialogue to ridicule public figures, politics, idea,s trends, and institutions.
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New Comedy
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no more political satire/fantasies.
focused on family situations, relatable to public, written in 5 acts. (Menander)
More about experiences of ordinary life |
Obol |
Unit of Athenian currency ( 3 obols = half a day's wage for moderate worker/jury duty)
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Pinakion |
Wood/bronze item used like an ID card used in atollment machine
ID citizen of a city |
klepsydra |
water clock used to time speeches during anakrisis/court
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Kleroterion
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machine that selected who would serve on the jury that day
Randomiztion device |
Apotympanismos |
Attaching a person to a board in public like a crucifixion
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hemlock |
how Socrates killed himself?
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elenchos
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"Cross examination" or "refutation", associated with Socrates. Goddess of Parmenides' poem used it to describe the possible ways of thinking and speaking.Socratic Method
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kalon/agathon
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Signifies both what is noble and what is beautiful
most highly prized qualities of the heroic aristocratic tradition |
Corinthian Order
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Variation of Ionic Order, main difference is the elaborate capitals, which are usually decorated with acanthus leaves.
Most ornate
Slender fluted columns and elaborate capitols |
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
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-great tomb made for non-greek king Mausolus but was destroyed however from Roman descriptions we thought it was huge with many statues.
Eastern & Greek motifs
Representation of a person |
Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidauros
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sanctuary of Asklepios (the healer, son of Apollo); ill people went here in hope of being cured, by sleeping a night in the hall. A god would advise them in their dreams on how to get their health back
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tholos |
temple with a circular plan
sometimes used as a personal monument
Corinthian order |
S-curve
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Stature of statues in 4th cent. BD
Developed by Praxiteles |
"Tomb of Phillip"
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tholos containing chryselephantine sculptures of King Phillip and the royal family
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larnax |
bathtub shaped sarcophagus with legs, often highly decorated. first adapted by mycenaeans (boeotia) in LHIIIB, then becomes popular across region
For body or cremated ashes |
Skopas
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sculptor known for introducing psychological tension
Deep-set eyes & open mouth
1/3 great sculptors |
Lysippos |
1/3 of great Greek, Classical sculptors
introduces a new canon of proportions and a nervous energy to his statues
He encouraged viewing his statues from multiple angles
8 head heights
Egyptians also had 8 head heights |
Apoxyomenos
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Sculpture representing an athlete scraping sweat and dust from his body with a small curved instrument
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anastole
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an off-center parting of the hair with locks brushed up and back near the parting
Alexander's hairstyle |
Sarissa |
The long 4-7 m spear that was characteristic of the Macedonian battle formation
Used in Hellenistic warfare |