Study Guide: Chapter 3
47 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
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Ventromedial Hypothalamus related to eating
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Satiety center, "off-switch" for eating
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Lateral Hypothalamus related to eating
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Hunger center, "on-switch" for eating
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What does Anorexia Nervosa entail?
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-Resistance to gaining body weight at or above min. norm. weight for age/height. -Fear of gaining weight -Disturbance in the way one experiences/views their body -Amenorrhea (will be removed from DSM V)
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What does Bulimia Nervosa entail?
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-Recurrent episodes of binge eating -Purging/Non-purging behaviors at least twice a week (on avg.) for 3 months -Self-elvaluation is unduly influenced by body shape/weight
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What medication is used to treat Bulimia Nervosa?
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Antidepressants (SSRIs)+Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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What is a BMI?
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Body Mass Index: Measure of body fat based on height and weight.
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How do you calculate someone's BMI?
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Weight (in kg.) divided by square of height in meters
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What BMI is needed to be considered obese?
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30 BMI
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What is a drive?
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An internal state that arises in response to a dis-equillibrium
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What is homeostasis?
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The constancy of one's equilibrium and balance
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What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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Psychological, safety, belongingness, love and esteem, physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self esteem.
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What is an Emotion?
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A positive/negative state of arousal in reaction to a perceived or remembered event of object
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What are the nervous systems associated with emotion?
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-Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems -Limbic System: Hypothalamus and Amygdala -Cerebral Cortex
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We feel emotion as a result of ____?
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Feedback from the face
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What is the James Lange theory of emotion?
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Event >Arousal >Interpretation >Emotion
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What is the Cannon Bard theory of emotion?
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Event >Simultaneous Arousal >Emotion
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What is the Schacter-Singer theory of emotion?
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Event >Arousal >Reasoning >Emotion
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What are the 3 categories of learning?
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-Associative (classical and operant conditioning) -Nonassociative (habitualization and sensitization) -Observational Learning (imitation)
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What is Classical Conditioning?
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-Pavlov's dog -Stimulus-response associations -if stimulus does not continue, the reaction will change or disappear
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Unconditioned stimulus leads to ___?
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Un-conditioned response
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Unconditioned stimulus is paired with ___?
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Conditioned stimulus
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Conditioned stimulus leads to ___?
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Conditional response
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What is Operant Conditioning?
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-Thorndike and Skinner -Thorndike's law of effect: behaviors will be repeated if consequences are satisfying and vice versa -Skinner's Cat boxes -The effect certain kinds of behavior have on the frequency of the behavior -Reinforcement
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What does Reinforcement do?
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Increases the frequency of behavior
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What does Punishment do?
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Decreases the frequency of behavior
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What does Positive Reinforcement pertain to?
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Where behavior increases because it is followed by the presentation of a reward
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What does Negative Reinforcement pertain to?
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The removal or lessening of an unpleasant stimulus because the behavior occurs
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What does Positive Punishment pertain to?
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Where behavior decreases because it is followed by an aversive consequence
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What does Negative Punishment pertain to?
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The removal of something positive following at behavior in order to decrease it
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What is Latent Learning?
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Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and that remains unexpressed until reinforcement is provided
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What is the order of memory processing?
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1. Encoding (mental representation formed in memory)
2. Storage (Retention of encoded material)
3. Retrieval (Recovery of stored material)
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What is the capacity of short-term memory?
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-The capacity for short-term memory is that it typically stores about seven bits give or take two. -The duration of memory typically lasts for about 20 seconds without rehearsal
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What is Rehearsal?
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The memory process where the information is repeated over and over again in order to maintain it
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What is Chunking?
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The memory process of reconfiguring items by grouping them on the basis of similarity or some other organizing principle
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What is Implicit Memory?
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Availability of information through memory without conscious effort
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What is Explicit Memory?
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Conscious effort to recover information
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What is Declarative Memory?
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The factual information such as an event date
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What is Procedural Memory?
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How tasks were carried out such as riding a bike
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What is Working Memory?
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Reasoning and language comprehension, maintains your psychological present
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What are the 4 components of Working Memory?
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Phonological loop, Visuospatial sketchpad, Central executive and Episodic Buffer
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How is Short-Term Memory different from the Working Memory?
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Short-term remembers the numbers while Working manipulates them.
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What is Long-Term Memory?
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The storehouse of all experiences, events, information, emotions, skills, words, categories, rules and judgements that have been acquired from sensory and short-term memories
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What is Recall?
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The reproduction of the information to which you were previously memory
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What are Recognition cues?
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The realization that a certain stimulus is one you have seen/heard before
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What is the Levels of Processing theory?
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Information processed at a deeper level is more likely to be retained: -Physical: low level what it looks like -Rhyme: what does it rhyme with? -Meaning: what are the deeper properties, classification
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What is the False Memory Effect?
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Powerful illusion of memory and shows that what we remember is not always what we correctly encountered with
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What is a Flashbulb Memory?
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Consistent, accurate, immune to forgetting. Remembering personal contextual information about the event.
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