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BIO 240: NERVOUS SYSTEM
epineurium
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DCT covering peripheral nerves
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perineurium
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DCT around fascicles
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endoneurium
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DCT mostly around neuronal processes
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satellite cells
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wrap around cell bodies in the PNS
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Schwann cells
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myelinate processes in the PNS
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oligodendrocytes
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myelinate processes in the CNS
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astrocytes
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form the blood brain barrier, come in between capillaries and neurons to control substances entering the nervous system by blood
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microglia |
phagocytic cells that protect the nervous system from bacteria
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ependymal cells
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ciliated cells that help make cerebrospinal fluid and line ventricles of the brain & central canal
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nerves
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white matter in the PNS
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tracts
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white matter in the CNS
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ganglia
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gray matter in the PNS
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nuclei
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gray matter in the CNS
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meninges
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the external CT layers for protection of the brain & framework for arteries and veins
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cerebrum
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83% total volume; functions are intelligence, motor, & sensory
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cerebellum
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10% of total volume; contains 50% of total neurons; functions are fine movement, balance, & muscle tone
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proprioception
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concept of our bodies in space
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brain stem
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includes midbrain/mesencephalon, pons, & medulla oblongata
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longitudinal fissure
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deep groove that separates the cerebrum into L & R hemispheres
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central sulcus
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separates frontal & parietal lobes
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transverse fissure
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deep lateral groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
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corpus callosum
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largest white matter area of brain and connects L & R hemispheres for communication
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fornix |
white matter that connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus
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pineal gland / epithalamus
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produces melatonin
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melatonin
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a hormone that regulates sleep cycles
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thalamus
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the relay center of the brain for all motor & sensory functions except smell; contains hippocampus
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hippocampus
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memory bank
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hypothalamus
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major control center for the endocrine system & autonomic nervous system and is directly involved in survival behaviors
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limbic system
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puts emotional context into sensory output; includes cortex, thalamus, & hypothalamus
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pituitary gland
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produces 9 hormones including growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
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infundibulum |
the stalk that holds the pituitary gland
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arbor vitae
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"tree of life"; white matter of the cerebellum; neuronal processes of the PNS
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septum pellicidum
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separates L & R lateral ventricles
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cerebral aqueduct
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connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
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aperatures
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allows CSF to enter the subarachnoid layer of meninges and surround the brain
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midbrain
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has motor functions of sight (pupil dilation & constriction) and hearing (tracking)
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pons
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relays information between the cerebrum & cerebellum; autonomic functions
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medulla oblongata
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relays information between the brain & spinal cord and coordinates body movements; autonomic functions
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