PSYCH 100: CHAPTER 4
27 Cards in this Set
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Environment
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Every non genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.
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Behavior Genetics
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The Study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
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Chromosomes
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threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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a complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up chromosomes
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genes
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the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of making a protein
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Identical Twins
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twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two identical organisms
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fraternal twins
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twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters but share a fetal environment
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temperament
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a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
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interaction
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the interplay that occurs when the effects of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor( such as heredity)
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evolutionary psychology
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the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection
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natural selection
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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variation, those that led to increased reproductions and survival will most likely be passed on to the succeeding generations
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mutation
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a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
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gender
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the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
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culture
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the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
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norm
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an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. norms prescribe proper behavior
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personal space
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the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
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individualism
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giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
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collectivism
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giving priority to group goals (often those of the extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly
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aggression
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any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy someone
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x chromosome
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the sex chromosome found in both men and woman. females have two x chromosomes; males have one
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Y chromosome
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sex chromosome only found in men
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Testosterone
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Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in mammals, reptiles, birds, and other vertebrates.
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role
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a set of explanations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
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gender role
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a set of expected behaviors for male or for females
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gender identity
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our sense of being male or female
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gender-typing
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the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
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social learning theory
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the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
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PSYCH 100: CHAPTER 4