BIOLOGY 152: FINAL
40 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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competition
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negatively effects both species
|
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consumer-resource
|
negatively effects one species, positively effects other
|
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commensalism
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benefits one species, no effect on the other
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mutualism
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benefits both species
|
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is intraspecific or interspecific competition most intense
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intraspecific (within species)
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when is interspecific competition most common
|
when species newly introduced or when other factors limit population of better competitor
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outcomes of interspecific competition
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exclusion of one competitor (extinction or displacement), resource partitioning, character displacement
|
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theory of island biogeography
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predicts dynamic equilibrium of species on any particular island based on size of island and distance from mainland (decreasing diversity with distance)
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keystone species
|
a species whose importance to a community is great, relative to its abundance. often identified when removed.
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exotic species
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intentionally or unintentionally introduced by humans to communities in when they were not previously found.
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characteristics of invasives
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rapid population growth, displace or kill native species, no natural population regulation through predators or pathogens, high dispersal rate
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rapid population growth, displace or kill native species, no natural population regulation through predators or pathogens, high dispersal rate
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an increase in disease due to the decrease of fly population regulation
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ecological engineer
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a species that creates a habitat for other species (beaver, kelp)
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what is the relationship between competitive exclusions and adaptive radiations
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competitive exclusions create conditions that favor character displacement
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in a set of islands, which will have the greatest number of species?
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the large island closest to the mainland
|
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in a set of islands, which will have the greatest number of species?
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small and large islands close to the mainland
|
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three patterns of climate change
|
small and large islands close to the mainland
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terrestrial carbon sinks
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forests, peatlands, permafrost
|
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key point about the carbon cycle and human activity
|
humans are releasing carbon from geological sinks faster than it is being returned and can be absorbed by oceans
|
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decreased pH=
|
higher acidity
|
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increase in ocean acidity leads to the creation of ___________ and decrease in ________
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creation of carbonic acid, decrease in carbonate
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what is the principle ingredient in the bodies of calcareous animals
|
calcium carbonate
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lab experiments show an increase in ocean acidity impacts calcareous animals in what ways
|
growth, immune response, reproduction
|
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what is happening with krill and climate change?
|
what is happening with krill and climate change?
|
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responses to physiological distress
|
stay in place--> local or global extinction, acclimation, adaptation
move--> dispersal
|
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what has happened to red squirrel reproduction in the last 10 years
|
females are now giving birth an average of 18 days earlier than great grandmothers were. 15% due to genetic change
|
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temperature proxy
|
something that reliably changes with temperatures. includes isotopes and tree rings
|
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phenology
|
timing of seasonal events
|
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Blocking
the
voltage-‐gated
calcium
channels
in
a
neuron
would:
|
prevent
the
release
of
neurotransmitter
into
the
synapse.
|
|
A
mutation
of
a
regulator
gene
increases the production of negatively charged macromolecules inside a nerve cell. What effect would this haveon the ability of the cell to propagate an action potential?
|
It
would
hyperpolarize
the
cell
and make it less likely to fire.
|
|
If
the
sodium
potassium
pump
functioned
at
a
faster
than normal rate:
|
It
would
shorten
the
duration
of
the
undershoot
stage
of an action potential.
|
|
If a drug prevented the production of aceytlcholinesterase in the synapse connected to
muscle tissue. That muscle would likely:
|
once contracted, remain contracted for longer than normal.
|
|
Vestigial traits and neutral changes in DNA sequences are examples of:
|
nonadaptive traits
|
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If you decreased the concentration of calcium ions around the outside of all hair cells in
the inner ear, you would:
|
decrease the amount of neurotransmitter released from the hair cells.
|
|
When the stereocilia of a hair cell in the inner ear bends, it causes:
|
potassium ions to enter the hair cell.
|
|
The model of exponential population growth presented in class assumes which of the following?
The logistic growth model assumes which of the following?
|
the growth rate is determined only by r and r is fixed.
both r and K are fixed.
|
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A small population of white-footed deer mice has the same intrinsic rate of increase as a large
population. If everything else is equal,
|
the large population will add more individuals per unit of time.
|
|
Which of the following is true of the logistic model of population growth?
|
As N approaches K, d remains the same
|
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How many years between mutations that would bring about UV vision in a common species of bird?
|
750
|
|
What is the amino acid switch in opsin when UV vision evolves in birds?
|
serine to cysteine
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Bio 152: Muscle Contractions