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PSYX 100S: Chapter 14
Abnormal Behaviors: Myths, Realities, and Contoversies
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Medical Model- proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a diseas.
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Diagnosis |
involves distinguishing one illnes from another.
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Ethiology
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refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of illness.
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prognosis
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is a forecast about the probable course of an illness
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The prevelance of Psychological disorders
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epidemiology - the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorder in a population.
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Prevelance |
refers to the percentage of population that exhibit a disorder during a specified time perios .
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Axis 1 Clinical Syndromes
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mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, organic mental disorders, substance related disorders, disorders usually 1st diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, sexual and gender-identity disorder, dissociative disorder,somatoform disorder, schizophrenia and toher psychotic disorder.
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Axis 2 Personality disorders or Mental retardation
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personality disorders are longstanding patterns of extreme, inflexible personality traits that are deviant or maladaptice and lead to impaired functioning or subjective distress. Meantl retardation refers to subnormal genneral mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before age 18
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Axis 3 General Medical Conditions
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Physical disorders or conditions are recorded on this axis,
EX. include diabetes, arthritis, and hemophilia |
Axis 4 Psychosocial and Enviormental Problems
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Axis 4 is for reporting psychosocial and enviornmental problems that may affect the diagonosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders (Axes 1-2). A psychosocial or enviornmental problem any me a negative life event, an environmental difficulty or deficiency, a familial or interpersonal stress, and inadequacy of social support or personal resouces, or another problem that describes the context in which a person's difficulties have developed.
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Axis 5 Global Assesment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
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Code symptoms .... 1 - 100: 10 being persistent danger of severly hurting self or others 100- superior functioning in a wide range of activities
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Anxiety Disorders
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are a class of disorders marked by feeling of excessive apprehension and anxiety. There are 5 types of anxiety disorders
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1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is nto ties to any specific threat.
They worry about minor matters related to family, finances, work and personal illness. They hope that their worrying will help to ward off negative events, but they nonetheless wory about how much they worry. |
2. Phobic Disorder
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is marked nby a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.
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3. Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
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Panic disorder- is chracterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occurs suddenly and unexpectedly. After a # of panic attacks, victims often bcome apprehensice, wondering when their next panic will occur. Agoraphobia- is a fear of going out to public places.
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4. Obsessive-Cumpolsive Disorder (OCD) |
is marked by presistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (Obsseaions) and urges to engage in sensless rituals(compulsions)
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5. Posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)
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involves psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a mojor traumatic event.
Ex. PTSD is often seen after a rape or assault, a severe automobible accident, a natural disaster, or the witnessing of someone's death. |
Eiology of Anxiety Disorders
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Biological factors, Concordance- rate indicated the percentage of twin pairs of other parifs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder.
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Samotoform Disorders
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are physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors.
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Samatization Disorder
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is marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin.
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Conversion Disorder
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is characterized by a significant loss of physical function (w/ no apparent organic basis) usually in a single organ system. Common symptoms include partial or complete loss of hearing, partial paralysis, severe laryngitis or mutism, and loss of feeling or funtion of limbs.
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Hypochondriasis (AKA hypochondria)
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is characterized by excessive preocupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness.
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Dissociative disorder
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are a class of idorders in which people lose contact with protiong sof theri consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of indetity.
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Dissociative Amnesia and Fugue
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Disscociative amnesia is a sudden loss of memory for important personal infomation that is tooextensvie to be due to normal forgetting. Fuge- people lose their memoery for their entire lives along withtheir sense of perosnal identity.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complte and usually very different, personalities.
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Mood Disorders
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are a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, socail, and thought process.
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Unipolar |
experience emotional extremes at just one end of the mood continuum, as they are trhouble only by depression
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Major Depressive Disorder
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people show persistent feeling of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.
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Dysthymic Disorder
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which consists of chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of a major depresive episode.
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Bipolar disorder (manic depresive disorder)
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is characterized by the experience of one or more manuc episodes as well as periods of depression.
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shizophrenic disorders
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are a class of diorders marked by delusions, hallucicanations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior.
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Delusion adn Irrational thought
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delusions are false beliefs that are maintained even thogut they are clearly are out of touch with reality.
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Subtypes, Course, and Outcome
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Paranoid schizophrenia- is a dominated by delusions of persection, along w/delusions of grandeur.
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Catatonic Type
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catatonic schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranfing form muscular rigidity to random motor activity.
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Disorganized type
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disorganized schizophrenia- a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen.
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Undifferentiated type
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Undifferentiated schizophrenia- which is marked by diosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms
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Positive vs. Negative Symptoms
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Negative- involves beahvioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawl, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech. Positive- involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.
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Personality disorders
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are a class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible or impaired social and occupational functioning.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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is marked by impulsice, callous, manipulative, aggresive, and irresponsiblie behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms.
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Psychological Disorder and the Law
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Insanity- is a legal status indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her action because of mental illness. |
Ivolutionary Commitment
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people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities agaisnt their will.
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Understanding Eating Disorders
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are severe disturbances in eating behavior chracterized by preoccupation with wieght and unhealthly efforts to control weight.
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Anorexia Nervosa
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involves intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and use of dangerous measure to lose weight.
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Bulimia Nervosa
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involves habitually engaging in out-out-of control overeating folloed by unhealthy compensation efforst, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, adn excessive excercise.
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Binge- Eating Disorders
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involves distress-inducing eating binges that re not accompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive excercise seen in bulimia.
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