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KIN 470: EXAM 2
Rate Pressure Product
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Measures the myocardial workload
RPP= HR x Systolic BP
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Collateral Circulation
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alternative pathways for delivering blood to a region of the body
if one vessel is blocked, blood can still get to the region by the alternative route
done by "andeogenesis" (creating of new blood vessels)
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Why might exercise protect the heart from damage during a heart attack?
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Increases protective stress protein
Increases antioxidant capacity
Indirectly decreases blood pressure
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Why can diastolic blood pressure decrease during exercise?
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Because vasodilation of vessels
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Frank Starling Law
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The strength of ventricular contraction increases with EDV
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Exercise hyperemia
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Blood flow to the muscles can increase 20x during exercise
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autoregulation
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the ability of a tissue to locally and automatically adjust its blood flow to match its metabolic demands
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Central command
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Sends signal to cardiovascular system- is regulated by peripheral feedback (exercise pressor reflex)
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Fick Equation
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VO2max= CO x AVDO2
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Affect of bedrest and training
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Bed Rest: CO decreases because SV decreases, no change in HR
Trained: increases CO and AVDO2. SV increases because of higher EDV. sympathetic increases compared to parasympathetic
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Effect of heart transplant
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SV is stunted during exercise due to no sympathetic or parasympathetic intervention- heart cannot increase contractility
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Conducting zone
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(nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchial tree)
Conducts air to diffusion zone. Humidies, warms and filters air
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Diffusion Zone
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exchange of gases between air and blood
(alveolar sacs and respiratory bronchioles)
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Respiratory control center
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located in the medulla
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Hypoxic threshold
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The point where your ventilation drastically increases as a result of decreased PO2 (60-75 mmHG)
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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V=Vt x f
amount of air into/out of lungs per minute. product of tidal volume and frequency
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Draw/describe oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve
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... |
Central chemoreceptors
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located in medulla
respond to changes in PCO2 and [H+] in cerebrospinal fluid
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Peripheral chemoreceptors
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located in aortic and carotid bodies
respond to changes in PCO2, PO2, [H+] and [K+] in blood
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Why does ventilation drift upward during exercise in hot environment?
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As we sweat, lose plasma volume so EDV and stroke volume decrease. Body temperature also increases. Cause an ^ in HR to keep constant CO, causes increase in ventilation
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How is O2 carried in the blood?
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Plasma (10%)
Bound to Hb(20%)
Bicarbonate (70%)
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