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KIN 100: EXAM 2
Biomechanics
|
study of physical principles applied to biological systems
|
Sport Biomechanics
|
bio mechanics of athletic performance
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Rehabilitation
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biomechanics of gait, injury
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Muscle & Tissue Mechanics
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Biomechanics of physiology & mechanics
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Eadward Muybridge
|
used motion picture to determine is a horse ever runs with 4 limbs on the ground
|
COM
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center of mass, where body mass is in balance
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Fosbury Flop
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high jump strategy in which the COM is below the bar
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Velocity=
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Displacement/ time
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Acceleration=
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velocity/
time
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Kinetics
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forces during movement
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Electroniometer
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records joint angles
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Newest motion analysis technology
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Computerized Video Analysis
|
Fz
|
vertical force
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Fx
|
medio-lateral force
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Fy
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Antero-posterior force
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Why does a curve ball curve?
|
the Magnus effect
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Muscles in parallel
|
perform similar actions in different areas
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Muscles in Series
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muscles prepare for action of other muscles
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Muscle Stiffness/ compliance
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Change in F/
Change in length
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Ergonomics
|
workplace health, safety, efficiency
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Ergonomic principles
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1. limit expenditure
2. limit noise exposure
3. human- machine interface
4. rest periods
|
LBP
|
lower back pain
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2nd leading cause of disability in US
|
LBP
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% of citizens in US who experience LBP in their lifetime
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75-80%
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Absorbs shock in the spine
|
intervertebral discs
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Uppermost part of spine
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Cervical
C1- C7
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Lowermost part of spine
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Sacral
S1-S5
|
part of spine related to the torso
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Thoracic
T1-T12 |
part of spine relating to lower back
|
lumbar
L1-L5
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LBP in which pain is gone by week 6
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Acute LBP
|
85-95% of LBP cases
|
Acute LBP
|
Modern approach to LBP
|
Light exercise regiment
|
Past approach to LBP
|
bed rest
|
moment
|
Joint torque
T = (F) (d)
|
Force in Joint torque is referred to as ____ and measured in ____
|
load
Newtons (N)
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moment arm is measured in ___ and refers to ____
|
meters (m)
distance from force to joint
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Moving the load away from the body ____ the (Nm) on the _____
|
increases
lower back
|
Low back loading _____ injury risk
|
increases
|
Q- angle
|
line segments of tibial and femoral segment
|
Typical Q-angle?
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18-22 degrees
|
Why do women tend to have a greater Q angle than men
|
wider hips
|
Why is muscle force greatest at L0 ?
|
the myosin has more bridges to bind to actin
|
Muscle force-velocity relationship
|
highest velocity has the smallest force
|