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KIN 100: FINAL / UNIT 3
Bandwith Feedback |
an error range is determined
if the error is with in the range no feedback is given if the error is large and outside the range then verbal feedback is given
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Massed Practice |
continuous practice with no rest periods
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Distributed Practice |
rest periods interspersed with practice intervals
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Transfer of Learning |
idea that practicing one task (the transfer task) changes your ability to perform another task (the criterion task)
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Kinematic Feedback |
information about the characteristics of the body and limbs that lead up to the movement
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Augmented Feedback |
information received about the consequences of the movement
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Reactive Inhibition |
the tendency for motivation to decrease over time
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Plateaus |
period of time where no improvement in performance takes place
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Learning Curve |
shows the progress as a new task is being learned
*measures performance not learning
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Closed Skill
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when the environment involved is stable
ex: golf or archery
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Open Skill |
when the environment involved is constantly changing
ex: hitting a baseball, driving
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Perceptual Mechanism |
proper interpretation of sensory signals and how the signals are viewed in the context of the current situation
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Pattern Recognition |
when the perceptual mechanism fills in incomplete information based on previous memories
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Effector Mechanism |
execution of the appropriate movement
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Motor Neurons |
neurons that connect to the muscle and originate in the spinal cord
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Motor Unit |
single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it connects to
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ECG |
electrocaridogram
measures the electric activity in the heart
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EEG |
electroencephalogram
measures the electrical activity in the brain
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EMG |
electromyography
measurement of muscle electrical activity
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Purposive Activity |
a movement performed with a clear aim
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Dynamic Visual Acuity |
the ability to discriminate objects while they are moving
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Kinesthetic Sense |
the ability to determine limb and body position in space
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Saccade |
perform rapid eye movement
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Muscle Spindle |
located inside the muscle
detects the length changes and sends neural impulses to the nervous systerm
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Ballistic |
very rapid movements
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Agonist |
muscle group that produces the movement
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Antagonist |
muscle group that opposes the movement
protects the limb from high forces
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Open Loop |
movements that are performed in the absence of feedback
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Reciprocal Activity |
when the agonist flexes and the antagonist relaxes
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Subluxed |
partial or incomplete dislocation
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lordosis |
a curvature of the back
possibly lower back problems
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Isometric Exercise |
muscle contractions that do not change joint angle
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Isotonic Exercise |
strengthens a group of muscles through a range of movement
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concentric exercise |
involves muscle shortening while resistance is being provided
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Eccentric Exercise |
muscle lengthening against resistance
aka negative resistance
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Motor Development |
progressive change in motor behavior throughout the lifecycle
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Hypoxia |
when the brain does not receive adequate amounts of oxygen
function and longevity of nerve cells is reduced
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Presbycusis |
hearing loss associated with old age
caused by loss of inner ear nerve cell, decreased flexibility in middle ear bones and membranes, and/or increased secretion of cerumen (earwax)
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tinnitus |
constant ringing/buzzing noise in the ear
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