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RST 100: Exam 1
Ideal (pure) Leisure
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Leisure experiences or expressions that are freely chosen for intrinsic reason
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Intrinsic Meaning
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Doing something for its own reason
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Extrinsic meaning
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Doing something for another reason, such as for status or a reward.
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Eudaimonia
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Aristotle's idea of happiness; doing good things.
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Sensory Pleasure
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Pleasure from direct stimulation of the senses
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Expressive pleasure
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Pleasure from creativity.
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Sight sacralization
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A tourist destination is considered sacred.
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Decorum |
Socially useful behavior.
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Characteristicsof serious leisure (6)
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1. a high standard of performance (effort)
2. Participation for the experience of it (intrinsic motivation)
3. A set of values, resources, and schedules constructed around the activity (career)
4. Involvement in groups engaged in the same activity (unique ethos)
5. Self- identification with the activity (durable benefits)
6. Need to persevere |
Demographics
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Characteristicsof the population
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Philosophy
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Beliefs about morals, character, and behavior.
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Lifestyle types (innovators)
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Successful, sophisticated, take charge people with high self esteem.
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Characteristic of flow (autotelic)
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We engage in the activity for its own reward; it is intrinsically motivating.
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Reversal theory
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A way to explain leisure behavior that is based on emotion, personality, and motivation.
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Reversal theory has 4 domains. (means - ends)
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-the two motivation states are telic (serious) and paratelic (playful)
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Telic state
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motivated by achievement and future goals.
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Paratelic state
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Motivated by the enjoyment in the moment.
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Liminality in anti-structure
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A transitional stage.
-more pure form of play occurs because it is free of societal norms. |
Communitas in anti-structure
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A temporary sense of social camaraderie.
-loosely structured community of equal individuals |
Humanities
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Human creations that describe the human experience
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Impressionism |
An art style simulating reflected light.
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Schole |
An ancient Greek term for scholarship that is translated today to the word leisure
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Ludi |
A Latin word for public games and festivals
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Feudalism |
Fragmented political and economic power in which private ownership prevails
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Renaissance
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The transitional era between medieval and modern times in Western Europe that is marked by humanistic revival of the arts.
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Humanism
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A philosophy emphasizing the capacities and worth of human being.
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Industrial revolution |
The complex and radical socioeconomic changes from extensive mechanization of production
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Social movements
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A significant change in the social conditions and patterns of behavior in a society
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Settlement houses
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An institution in an inner city providing various community services
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Discretionary time
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time that is free of obligation
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Social capital
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The value of social networks; bringing people together in a meaningful way.
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Cultural capital
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Personal educational and intellectual resources useful for achieving high status in a group.
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Surplus Energy theory
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-Burning up excess physical energy.
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Recreation/Relaxation Theory
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-To replenish energy
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Preparation/Practice theory
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-Practice for adult life
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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-Mastering disturbing events or thoughts.
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Cognitive Theory
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-Develop skills for problem solving.
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Allocentric
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Tourists who try new things. don't like things being organized or planned and do not return to the same destination
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Mid-Centric
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Tourists who go to places that have been popularized by the allocentricsc, they are not as adventurous.
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Psychocentric
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Tourists who like things being planned and are afraid to take risks, often travel to places that are familiar.
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Telic state
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-serious state
-low arousal experienced as calmness
-more telic at work or school |
Paratelic |
-playful state
-low arousal experienced as boredom.
-paratelic state during leisure |
High self as entertainment
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typically have a good match between free time and ability to meaningfully fill it
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Low self as entertainment
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Often feel they have too much free time with "nothing to do"
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Ancient Egypt
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-Competitions popular
-Leisure activities based on social class
-Bullfighting and gymnastic exhibitions
-Slaves played a big role
-Feasts were common |
Ancient Greece
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-Ideal leisure
-society divided between those who were free and those who were slave |
Plato |
Leisure was freedom for engagement with culture.
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Aristotle |
Leisure is time free from the necessity of work, the highest human activity.
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Ancient rome
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-in the beginning there was little free time.
-body fixation
-800 public baths in Rome
-Bread and circuses
-working day at the end of the empire began at day break and ended at noon |
Bread and Circuses
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Sport emphasized human combat, often ending in death.
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Middle ages
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-Life was difficult with war and disease
-average lifespan was 30 years
-christians condemned hedonistic ways of life
-stadiums and amphitheaters and baths were destroyed |
Renaissance Period
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-transition between medieval life and modern age
-opera houses, theaters, and ballet companies opened |
Colonial America
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-limited food, shelter and free time
-drinking, gambling and dancing were discouraged
-no PDA
-no wasting time in the public smoking
-Barnum and Bailey circus |
Industrial Revolution
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-Enormous increase in the production of goods
-work out of the rural home and farm and into the urban factory |
Parks at the City Level
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-Olmstead and Vaux- developed central park
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Parks at the state level
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-states claimed open spaces for the benefit of their citizens
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No idea
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1. Park development
2. Organized Recreational Services
3. Playground movement |