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PSY 1001: Emotion and Motivation
What is hedonic principle? |
notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain. |
What is the James-Lange Theory? |
The experience of emotion is the result of the arousal that we experience. (arousal comes first, then the emotion) |
Are arousal and emotion independent on the James-Lange theory? |
Not they are not. Emotion (Ex. fear) depends on the arousal. (heart pounding, sweating, etc.) |
Give an example of the James-Lange theory. |
Reading a horror novel at home and you notice you're breathing hard and sweating. You think, "That scared me!" Even thought there's no imminent threat, because of your physical response.
Oncoming car, heart start pounding, then you feel scared. |
what is the cannon-band theory? |
Emotion and arousal occur simultaneously. |
Are arousal and emotion independent on the cannon-band theory? |
Arousal may be independent of emotion. |
Give an example of Cannon-Bard Theory |
Bill walks into a room and realizes that the gray shape behind the door is not a shadow but a man with a gun. His heart begins to race at the same time as he experiences the emotion of fear.
Dog growls. you feel afraid and you heart beats faster simultaneously. |
Give an example of the impact of cognitive appraisal |
Job interview that seems to be going very well may become stressful if the interviewer casually mentions the large number of well qualified applicants.
Two professors react after their colleague is promoted; one feels happy for her friend, while the other feels resentful because he thinks he is more deserving of the promotion. |
What is the schachter-singer 2-factor theory? |
Emotion is determined by the intensity of the arousal, but cognitive appraisal ( personal interpretation of the situation) determines what the emotion will be. (emotion = arousal + cognitive) Emotion follows arousal and interpretation of cause of arousal. |
Give an example of schachter-singer 2 factor theory? |
Men interviewed by woman on a swinging bridge are more likely to call her than if they were interviewed on a solid bridge. They feel more attraction to the woman because of their personal interpretation of the situation. (excitement of standing in a swinging bridge with an attractive woman). |
What is evolutionary theory? |
Suggests that all people experience primary emotions that are innate reactions to stimuli |
Why are emotions adaptive? |
Because they motivate behavior without cognition (how an individual views a situation). |
What are the six primary emotion? |
fear, anger, joy, disgust, interest, surprise. |
are facial expressions culturally universe? |
yes |
What is the facial feedback theory? |
Facial expressions contribute to emotions reactions. |
give and example Facial Feedback Theory |
an individual who is forced to smile during a social event will actually come to find the event more of an enjoyable experience. |
What is the role of the amygdala in fear? |
Fear processing and expression fear circuit |
Give an example of lesioned amygdala. |
Animals no longer show fear response to previously feared stimuli.
Monkeys with lesioned connection between a sense and amygdala, no longer fear stimuli through that sense. |
fast and slow fear circuits |
fast: sensory-thalamus-amygdala
slow: sensory-thalamus-cortex-amygdala |
What is Synthetic Happiness? |
Happiness we manufacture to make ourselves feel better when we don't get exactly what we want |
Give an example of synthetic happiness. |
if you were to buy your own house, how would you feel? You may predict that it’d have a huge back yard, living room, a lot of rooms, a perfect view and then after a few years, the house’s profit should be higher. How does this affect you? I guess you’d be smiling at this bright future. Thus, something you imagine makes you happy and smile, |
what is the difference between synthetic happiness and natural happiness? |
Natural happiness is what we get when we get what we wanted, and synthetic happiness is the happiness we manufacture when we don’t get what we wanted. |
Give an example of natural happiness |
while you were walking on streets, you suddenly find a lottery ticket on the ground. You then take it, and realize you’ve won. How does this make you feel? It’d truly make you happier, wouldn’t it? |