MGMT 3000: MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
22 Cards in this Set
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Motivation
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The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior
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Types of Motivators
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Extrinsic Rewards: Payoff a person receives from others. e.g.-pay, bonuses, promotions, benefits and perks, praise, free time, job security.
Intrinsic Rewards: Satisfaction a person receives from performing the particular task itself. e.g.-enjoyment, accomplishment, knowledge gain, ski…
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Human needs
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Existence
Relatedness
Control
Esteem
Meaning
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Two-Factor Theory of Motivation
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An individual's satisfaction and dissatisfaction is influenced by two independent sets of factors--motivation factors and hygiene factors.
Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are on two distinct continuum's--1) Motivating factors are on satisfaction to no satisfaction. 2) Hygiene…
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Job Characteristics
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Skill Variety: person uses a wide range of different skills and abilities.
Task Identity: job requires a worker to perform all the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end.
Task Significance: The extent to which a job affects the lives of other people.
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Job Characteristics
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Autonomy: employees make choices about how and when to perform tasks.
Feedback: Workers receive clear, direct information about how they are performing the job.
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Expectancy Theory
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Suggests that people are motivated by two things: 1) How much they want something. 2) How likely they thing they are to get it.
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Expectancy
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Belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance.
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Instrumentality
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Expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.
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Valence
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The value a worker assigns to an outcome.
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Equity Theory
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People are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for performance.
Outcomes (self) / Inputs (self) = Outcome (other) / Inputs (other)
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Reinforcement Theory
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Focuses on the role of rewards as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time.
Assumes that behavior that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. Behavior that is punished is less likely to be repeated.
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Types of Reinforcement
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Positive Reinforcement: Rewards behavior after desired performance. (Strengthens)
Negative Reinforcement: Unpleasant consequences that would result if the behavior is not performed. (Strengthens)
Punishment: Weankens undesired behavior by using negative outcomes or unpleasant conse…
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Merit Pay Concept
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Pay is awarded to employees on the basis of the relative calue of their contributions to the organization.
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Merit Pay Plans
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Compensation plans that formally base at least some portion of compensation on merit.
Provide employees with annual salary increases non their overall job performance.
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Incentive Reward Systems
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Piece-rate: Employees are paid according to how much they produce
Sales commission plan: Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earning the company makes from their sales.
Profit sharing: Distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits
Gainsharing: …
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Executive Compensation
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Base salary is the guaranteed portion of an executive's compensation.
Bonuses paid for performance of the organization.
Stock options.
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"Dollar-a-year Men"
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$1 salary. Typically receive large stock options in order to tie their compensation almost completely to the company's performance. Sometimes they receive no additional compensation.
Examples: Steve Jobs, John Mackey, Arnold Schwarzenegger.
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Leadership
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The ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational gains (Slide 26).
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Power
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The extent to which a person is able to influence others so they respond to orders (Slide 27).
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Transformational Leadership
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Transactional Leadership: Focuses on clarifying employees' roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance.
Transformation Leadership: Transforms employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interest. Influence by individual characteri…
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Inspirational Motivation
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Fostering enthusiasm and commitment to a shared vision of the future.
Idealized influence: Earning the admiration, trust, and respect of followers.
Individualized considerations: Help followers achieve their potential through coaching.
Intellectual stimulation: communicat the SWO…
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MGMT 3000: EXAM 1