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GEOS 212: Exam 1
Most volcanoes along spreading centers are: |
shield volcanoes |
Likelihood of an eruption at Mount Rainier during your lifetime? |
will not happen |
Main hazard from |
pyroclastic flows |
When did Pangea exist |
200 mya |
What type of sediment present in stream? |
boulders and gravel |
Main types of sediment in floodplain |
sand & mud |
Location of Turbidites on map |
East side of South America |
Iron in your body comes from |
Mica |
Diatoms make their skeleton out of |
quartz |
The profile for scavenged elements is |
high at the surface, low at depth |
Rain makes sea water |
fresher |
Andes mountains created by |
subduction zones |
Sea level is NOT affected by |
amount of sea ice |
Average water depth |
4 km |
Water depth above spreading center |
2 km |
Water depth on the continental shelf |
100 m |
Age of oldest ocean floor |
180 my |
Age of newest ocean floor |
0, new ocean floor is always being created |
Hawaii is on a |
hot spot |
Rock found in most mountains on continents |
Granite |
Which tectonic plate is Tucson on? |
North American |
Which tectonic plate is Los Angeles on? |
Pacific |
Average depth of a trench |
10 km |
Skeletons are found where |
shelf or deep ocean floor |
Magma turns into basalt |
spreading center or ocean-ocean subduction zone |
Magma turns into andesite |
ocean-continent subduction zone |
Continental crust vs Ocean crust |
continental crust: 30-35, granite, low density
Ocean crust: 7-10, Basalt, high density |
Photosynthesis-Plants |
CO2 + H20 --> Organic Matter + O2 |
Respiration/Remineralization |
Organic matter + O2 --> CO2 + H20 |
Pangea formed |
Atlantic and Himalaya mountains |
Turbidite aka... |
submarine landslide |
Headwaters |
Boulders and gravel |
Flood plain |
Sand and mud |
Delta |
sand, mud, skeletons |
Slope |
turbidities |
deep sea floor |
mud, clay, and skeletons |
T/F. Chlorine comes from volcanoes |
True |
T/F. Magnesium is removed by basalt |
True |
T/F. Calcium in seawater comes from feldspar |
True |
Where hotspots are found |
Hawaii, Yellowstone |
Where transform vaults are found |
near Los Angeles |
where Colliding continents are found |
Himalaya, Alps, Appalachians |
Where a chain of subduction zone volcanoes are found |
Andes, Cascades |
Where continental rifting is found |
Africa, Western U.S. |
Driving force for plate tectonics |
Heat drives convection cells and plate motions. Plates move because the asthenosphere below is mushy. |
Destroys/makes crust: Ocean/continent |
Destroys/makes crust: Ocean/continent |
Destroys/makes crust: Ocean/Ocean |
destroys old oceanic crust, makes new oceanic crust |
Shield volcano |
Hot spots and spreading centers, continuous eruptions, not explosive, not hazardous |
Strato volcano |
Subduction zones and continental rifting, (seattle and mt rainier), eruptions are rare, explosive, hazardous, ash pyroclastic flows |
Salinity variations are driven by what |
precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and ice freezing/melting |
Levels of salinity in the ocean depend on what? |
the sun |
Find feldspar where? |
head waters |
find quartz where? |
Headwaters, flood plain, slope, ocean floor |
find calcite where? |
ocean floor |