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CHEM 101B: chem 101 test 3
If delta G is positive, the reaction is... |
non spontaneous (endergonic) and energy must be consumed, |
If delta G is negative, the reaction is... |
spontaneous
(exergonic) and energy is released |
anabolic pathways |
Couple the synthesis of energy
Hydrolysis of ATP
Energy requiring
Muscle contraction, transport, and synthesis of cellular compounds, photosynthesis |
Anabolic/Catabolic |
Anabolic: energy requiring
gluconeogenesis, glycogenisis
Catabolic: releases energy
glycolysis, glycogenolysis |
L/D isomer |
OH on left of the carbon (L)
OH on the right (D) |
oxidized/ reduced |
usually double bonded to Oxygen
has more H+ after |
ATP hydrolysis
ATP+ H2O --> |
ADP+Pi+7.31 kcal |
AMP
ADP
ATP |
1 phosphate
2 phosphate
3 phosphate |
pI |
The pH of a molecule at which it contains no net electric charge; isoelectric point. |
Glycosidic bond |
A covalent bond (-C-O-C-) that links two monosaccharides (sugars) together. |
fermentation |
from
NADH/H+ --> NAD+ |
CAC results |
12 ATP total (9 NADH, 3 FADH2)
3 NADH (step 3,4,8)
1 GTP (step 5)
1 FADH2 (step 6)
releases 2 CO2 (step 3,4) |
Acetyl-S-CoA is a reactant in which metabolic pathway or reaction? |
Citric Acid Cycle |
Acetyl-S-CoA is a product of which metabolic pathway? |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction |
How many molecules of CO2 are produced from the complete oxidation of one acetyl-S-CoA? |
2 |
anaerobic conditions
|
pyruvate is reduced to lactate
increase the NAD+ |
aerobic (oxygen-rich) conditions |
pyruvate is converted to acetyl-SCoA by the pyruvate dehyrogenase complex in the mitochondria |
fermentation |
pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde |
Glucose Metabolism and Energy Production |
Insulin released when blood glucose concentration rises, stimulates glycogenesis
Glucagon is released when blood glucose conc. drops
Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen to glucose |
during starvation |
Insulin falls, glucagon rises
Liver mobilizes glycogen
Glucose can be synthesized from non carbohydrate sources through gluconeogensis.
Cori cycle provides pyruvate for the liver from lactate |
How many ATP must be invested in the early reactions of glycolysis? |
2
|
glycolysis |
(anaerobic) The pathway in which a cell breaks down glucose into energy. |
net equation of Glycolysis |
production of 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATPs, and 2 NADH/H+s. |